Hindi Learning : Day 2

Today’s Agenda More Vocabulary Pronouns and examples in usage Question words and examples in usage Transportation: Bus Transportation: Taxi Directions Recap of Self-Introduction

Vocabulary : Recap

Come - aa Hear - sun Go - jaa Walk - chal Talk - bol Do - kar Stop - ruk Study - padh See - dekh Sleep - so Take - lo Drink - pe Give - do Keep - rakh Open – khol Buy - kharid

Inside a building:1 Roof: chhat Home: ghar Door: darvaja Window: khidhki Room: kamra Family:1 mother: ma Father: pita Son: beta Daughter: beti Direction: Uttar – north Dakshin – south Paschim – west Poorav – east Greetings: Thank you: dhanyavad Hello: namaste Good morning : suprabhat Good evening: shubhsandhya Good night: subhratri

Food: Rice: chaval Chappati: roti Pulses: dal Fruits:1 Banana: kela Mango: aam Measurements: Big: bada Small: chota Days: Today: aaj Tomorrow: kal Yesterday: kal Day after tomorrow: parso Birds:1 Crow: kauva Hen: murgi

Vocabulary : New

(jii) haan – yes (jii) nahi – no   Dhanyawaad – thank you Kripayaa – please Birds: Peacock – mor Owl – ulloo

Paternal Grandmother – dadi Paternal Grandfather - dadaa Maternal Grandfather - naanaa Maternal Grandmother – naanii

10 – dus 20 – bees 30 – tees 40 – chaalees 50 – pachaas 60 – saatth 70 – sattar 80 – assii 90 – nabbai 100 – sau

Pronouns

Levels of Respect: While speaking Hindi, there are 3 levels of respect – The first level is very formal. This is used with adults, strangers and in formal occasions. This is always recommended. The second level is semi-formal. This is used with people of the same age as us and is a little more fimiliar than the formal level. The last level is informal. This is used with people that are close to us like friends.

Mei – I I am a teacher. Mei adhyapak hoon.   Adhyapak – teacher Hoon – am (sentence ending used with first person pronouns)

Aap – you (formal) You are a student. Aap vidyaarthi hain.   Vidyaarthi – student Hain – are (sentence ending used with second person formal)

Tum – you (semi-formal) You are a student. Tum vidyaarthi ho.   Vidyaarthi – student Ho – are (sentence ending used with second person semi-formal)

Too – you (informal) You are a student. Too vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – are (sentence ending used with second person informal)

Yaha – he / she / this(third person - formal) Used when the third person is part of the conversation He / She is a student. Yaha vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Waha – he / she / that(third person – formal) Used when the third person is far away He / She is a student. Waha vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Ye – he / she / this(third person – semi-formal) Used when the third person is part of the conversation He / She is a student. Ye vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Wo – he / she / that(third person – semi-formal) Used when the third person is far away He / She is a student. Wo vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Plural Pronouns: Hum - we Aap log – you all (formal) Tum log – you all (informal) Yaha log – these people (formal) Way log – those people (formal) Ye log – these people (informal) Wo log – those people (formal) These can be used in the same way as the pronouns given above. The sentence ending used for these is ‘hein’. Exception: sentence ending used with ‘tum log’ is ‘ho’. Eg: Hum vidyaarthi hein. Tum log vidyaarthi ho.

Possessive Pronouns: Possessive pronoun ends with ‘a’ if the subject of the sentence is male Possessive pronoun ends with ‘i’ if the subject of the sentence is female Subject of the sentence may or may not be the person (first, second or third) addressed. It can also be any common noun, abstract noun, verb or adjective. Possessive pronoun ends with ‘e’ to show direct possession.

Mera / Meri / Mere – My Aapka / Aapki / Aapke – Your (formal) Tumhara / Tumhari / Tumhare– Your (semi-formal) Tera / Teri / Tere – Your (informal) Inka /Inki / Inke – Their (formal) Iska / Iski / Iske – Their (semi-formal) Unka / Unki / Unke – Their Used when the third person is far away

My name is Ajay. Mera naam Ajay hai.   Naam – name Hai – is (sentence ending marker) Depending on situation, ‘Mera’ can be substituted with any option on the first two columns. This pen is hers. Yaha pen (kalam) uski hai. This is his bag. Yaya uska bag hai.

I have the book. Mere paas kitab hai.   Paas – near (in context – in possession of) Kitab – book Hai – is (sentence end marker) Go with him. Uske saath jaao. Saath – with Jaao – go

Question Words

Kya - what Kyon - why Kis - which Kaha - where Kitna – how much Kaun – who Kab - when

What is this? Yaha kya hai?   Yaha – this Kya – what Hai – is (sentence end marker)

Why are you doing this? Aap yaha kyon kar rahe hain?   Aap – you (formal) Yaha – this Kyon – why Kar – do (kar) rahe – (doing) present continuous marker Hai – is / are (sentence ending marker)

Which university do you study in? Aap kis vishwavidyalaya me padhte hain?   Aap - you Kis – which Uchhavidyalaya – university Me – in Parte – study Hain – is / are (sentence ending marker)

Where is your home? Aapkaa ghar kaha hain?   Aapkaa – your Ghar - home Kaha – where Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

How much is this (priced)? Yaha kitne ka hai?   Yaha - this Kitna – how much Ka – of (indicating the price of object) Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

Who is this? Yaha kaun hai?   Yaha - this Kaun – who Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

When will we teach? Hum kab padhayenge?   Hum – we Kab - when (Pahunch)-enge – will (reach)

Transportation : Bus Locating bus stand Enquiring bus number Asking if bus goes to required destination Bus fare Asking the conductor to let you know when the destination is reached

Good news – we don’t need to know the Hindi words for ‘bus’ Good news – we don’t need to know the Hindi words for ‘bus’. Everyone uses and understands this.   Here are some phrases that will be useful while travelling: Replace the blank with the name of the destination.

Maaf kijiye, yaha bus stop kaha hai? Excuse me, where is the bus stop here?   Maaf kijiye – excuse me Yaha – here Se – from Sabse – most Paas – close / near Ka – of Kaha – where Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

Kaunsa bus _________ tak jaayegi? Which bus would go till ____________.   Kaunsa – which Tak – till Jaayegi – will go

Kya yaha bus ________ mei rukegi? Does this bus stop at _________ ?   Kya – what (will/does – in context) question marker Yaha – this Mei – in / at Rukegi – stop

Yaha bus kahaa ja rahi hai? Where is this bus going?   Yaha – this Kahaa – where Ja – go (ja) rahi – going Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

___________ ke liye ticket kitne ka hai? How much is the ticket for _________ ?   Ke liye – for Kitne – how much Ka – for Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

______ pahuchne par kya aap mujhe batjiyega inform me when we reach _________   Me – at Pahuchne (par) – (on) reaching Kya – question marker (Kya) aap – (could) you Mujhe – to me Soochit – inform Karenge – do (verb - polite)

Locating a taxi stand Conversing with the taxi driver Bargaining fares Transportation : Taxi Locating a taxi stand Conversing with the taxi driver Bargaining fares

Maaf kijiye, yaha pe taxi stand kaha hai? Excuse me, where is the taxi stand here?   Maaf kijiye – excuse me Yaha – here Se – from Sabse – most Paas – close / near Ka – of Kaha – where Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

Maaf kijiye, yaha pe taxi kaha milegi? Excuse me, where can I get a taxi ?   Maaf kijiye – excuse me Yaha – here Se – from Paas – close / near Me - at Kaha – where Milega – will get

Mujhe ________ jana hai. I want to go to _______.   Mujhe – to me Jana – (want to) go Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

_______ jaane ka kitna lagega? How much to go to _______?   Jaane – to go Ka – for (ke liye – also used) Kitna – how much Lagega – will need

Bargaining: Customer: _______ jaane ka kitna lagega? Taxi Driver: 50 rupai. Customer: Ye to bahut jyadaa hai. _______ paas hi me hai. Thoda kam kiijiye. Taxi Driver: Achha, 40 rupai. Customer: Theek hai. Rupai – rupees Me – in Ye – this Thora – little Bahut – very Kam – to lower Jyadaa – a lot Kiijiye – to do Hai – is Achha – alright / okay Paas – near Theek hai - <this is okay>

Zaraa jaldi kariye / chaliye. Please go faster.   Zaraa – a little Jaldi – fast Chaliye – go (verb - polite) Kariye – do (verb - polite) - ‘jaldi’ can be replaces by ‘dhiire’ for slow

Mujhe derii ho rahi hai. I am getting late. Mujhe – me Derii – late Ho rahi – act of being (present continuous) Hai – is (Sentence ending marker)

Directions Useful when understanding directions given to oneself Also used to give directions Eg. To a taxi driver

Daaye – right Baaye – left Aage – front Piichhe – back   Uttar – north Dakshin – south Paschim – west Poorav – east Uupar – up Niche – down

Yahan daaye mudhiye Turn right here   Yahan – here Daaye – right Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

Yahan baaye mudhiye Turn right here   Yahan – here Baaye – left Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

Siidhe chaliye Go straight   Siidhe – straight Chaliye – go (polite) Piiche jaaiye Go back Piiche – back Jaaiye – go

Yaha rok diijiye Stop here   Yaha – here Rok – stop (rok) Diijiye – (stop) do (makes it a verb - polite) Roko – stop (verb – semi-formal)

Conversation:   A: maaf kiijiye, yaha se station pahoonchne ka raasta kya hai? B: siidhe jaakar doosari modh par daaye mudhe. Fir pehli modh par baaye. Uske baad, siidhe jakar highway pakar liijiye. Highway ke baaye taraf ke tiisare gate se nikalkar siidhe station pahoonch jaayenge. Highway ke alaawa bhi ek aur maarg hai, par vaha rasta achha nahi hai aur vahaa bahut bhiir ho sakti hai. A: Dhanyawaad.

Vocabulary:   Yaha – here Maaf - forgive Se – from Kiijiye – do (formal) Pahoonchne – to reach Maaf kiijiye – Excuse me Ka – for Raasta – way Kya – what Dhanyawaad – thank you Hai – is (Sentence ending marker)

Siidhe - straight Jaakar – (after) going Uske - that Doosari - second baad – after Modh - turn Uske baad – after that Par - on Daaye - right Mudhe – do turn (verb) Highway - highway   Pakar – take (in context) Fir - then Lit. to hold Pehli - first Liijiye – (collectively used with ‘pakar’- formal) Baaye - left

Ke – of (the highway) Nikalkar – after having gone out Baaye - left Siidhe - straight Taraf - side Pahoonch - reach Ke – of (the left side) Jaayenge – will go / (in context) reach Tiisare - third Gate - gate Se – from

Ke alawa – besides (the highway) Achha - good Bhi - also Nahi - not Ek - one Aur - and Aur - more Vaha - there Marg - route Bahut – a lot Hai – is / exists (in context) Bhiir – crowd (in context - traffic) Par - but Ho - happen Waha – that Sakti - possibility Rasta - road

Vocabulary:   Yaha – here Maaf - forgive Se – from Kiijiye – do (formal) Pahoonchne – to reach Maaf kiijiye – Excuse me Ka – for Raasta – way Kya – what Dhanyawaad – thank you Hai – is (Sentence ending marker)

Grammar: Transition words- Words that are used to move smoothly from one sentence to another in the same context.   Adding ‘___________-kar’ suffix after any word makes it past continuous tense – ‘after having done _________’

Fir – then Sentence 1: Siidhe jaakar doosari modh par daaye mudhe. After having gone straight, take the second right. Sentence 2: Fir pehli modh par baaye. Then left on the first turn.

Uske baad – after that Sentence 1: Siidhe jaakar doosari modh par daaye mudhe. After having gone straight, take the second right. Sentence 2: Uske baad, siidhe jakar highway pakar liijiye. After that, go straight to take the highway.

Uske alawa – besides that Sentence 1: Highway ke alaawa bhi ek aur maarg hai. Besides the highway, there is also another route.

Par – but Sentence: Highway ke alaawa bhi ek aur maarg hai, par vaha rasta achha nahi hai aur vahaa bahut bhiir ho sakti hai. Besides the highway, there is also another route, but that road is not good and there may be a lot of traffic.

Self-Introduction

Passage: Namaste. Mera naam Aadarsh hai. Mei 21 saal ka hoon. Mei NIT Trichy me engineering vishay ka chaatra hoon.   Good afternoon. My name is Aadarsh. I am 21 years old. I study engineering in NIT Trichy. Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai. Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai. I like books and my hobby is reading. I also enjoy spending time with my friends and family. I aspire to be a successful person in the future. What about you? Mujhe bhavishya me ek safal vyakti banna hai. Aapka kya parichay hai?  

Vocabulary:   Pasand – like Naam - name Aur – and Unhe – them Saal - year Parna – study / read Ka – of Ruchi – hobby Vishay – subject Apne – my Chaatra – student Mitron – friends Kitaben – books Pariwaar – family

Saath – with Samay – time Me – in Bitana – spending (time) Ek – one / a Bhi – also Safal – successful Achha – good Vyakti – person Lagta – feel Banna – want to be Bhavishya – future Parichay – introduction

Grammar: Aur – and Used the same way as in English.   Joins two otherwise independent sentences. Sentence 1: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai. I like books. Sentence 2: Unhe parna meri ruchi hai. Reading them is my hobby. Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai. I like books and reading them is my hobby.

 Used as conjunction between words. Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends. Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my family. Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends and family.

Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts. Bhi – also Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts. Used at the end of a sentence. Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends. Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my family. Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends. I also like spending time with my family.

Aapka kya parichay hai? How would you introduce yourself? Lit. ‘What is your introduction?’   Aapka – your Kya – what Parichay – introduction Hai – is (sentence ending marker)