Exam Review 2

Chloroplast

Stomate function

Stomates

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Wavelengths used in Photosynthesis

Wavelengths and plant pigments

Light energy and Chloropyll

Photosystem 1 and 2

Photosynthesis 1 and 2

Photosystems 1 and 2 in Chloroplast

Light Reaction and Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis and Respiration

C4 and CAMplants

Respiration

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Respiration Glycolysis in Cytoplasm and Krebs Cycle in Mitochondria

How Plants Grow

Turgid Cell

Pathway of Water Through a Plant

How do guard cells open and close?

Pressure Flow Hypothesis

Plant Nutirents

Nutrient Deficiencies

Auxins

Auxins and Phototropism

Abscisic Acid

Cytokinins

Ehtylene gas used for ripening bananas

Gibberellins

Gravitropism

Photo and Geo or Gravitropism

Thigmotropism

Aspen regeneration Cut or burn trees hormones released in suckers (probably auxins )

Fall colors Yellow-hidden by chlorophyll and brightness of red dependent upon the amount of sugars produced in summer. Abscission caused by ethylene. Want warm sunny days and cool nights in fall for best fall color.

Scientific Method

Carolus Linneaus

Linnaea borealis-Twin Flower

Species Plantarum

Binomial System

Herbarium specimen

Six Kingdoms

Phylogenetic Tree

Polyphyletic Group: descendants of two or more disparate ancestors Monophyletic Group: a common ancestor and all of its descendants Paraphyletic Group: a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants

Homologous structures in Animals

Homologous structures in Plants

Analogous Structures in Animals

Analogous Structures in Plants

Evolutionary Trends

Prokaryote

Archaea

Crown Gall Disease

Useful and Harmful Bacteria for Plants Useful as: biological control, nitrogen fixation, decomposers Harmful: cause many diseases in plants including galls, rot, blight, wilt, spots, and cankers.

Cyanobacteria Cell know names on left, not CPG

Parts of a cyanobacteria

Nostoc and Gunnera-mutually symbiotic relationship for nitrogen fixation

Azolla-Nitrogen Fixation with Anabaena in Rice fields

Cycad-Neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria leads to neurological diorders from eating cycad seeds

Cyanobacteria bloom

Sloth-Cyanobacteria live in the fur

Cryptobiotic Crust

Protists

Eukaryotic Evolution

Fossil Record for Plants

Phyllum Charophyta Chara-Stoneowrts

Diatoms

Dinoflagellates

Plasmodial Slime Mold

Plasmodial Slime Mold Life Cycle – (example)

Cellular Slime Mold

Cellular Slime Mold Life cycle(example)

Water Mold

Water Molds (example)

Clamydomonas

Chlamydomonas life cycle (Example)

Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas

Zygotic and Gametic Meiosis-Know

Volvox

Volvox Sexual Reporduction

Volvox Asexual Reporduction

Volvox Asexual Reproduction

Volvox

Spirogyra

Spirogyra conjugation

Ulva

Ulva life cycle (Example)

Sporic Meiosis (Know)

Acetabluaria-Mermaid’s Wineglass

Desmid

Desmid Asexual Reproduction

Brown Algae-Giant Kelp

Brown Algae-Sea Palm

Brown Algae-Fucus, Rockweed

Fucus life cycle (Example)

Algin

Red Algae-Porphyra

Coralline Red Algae

Agar

Red algae on outside of sushi

Carageenan-Red Algae used in food, may cause gastrointestinal inflamations

Mushroom

Fungi phylogeny

Chytrid

Chytridiomycota life cycle

Zygomycota-Black Bread Mold life cycle

Ascomycetes-Cup Fungi

Ascomycetes-Morels

Ascomycetes life cycle

Ascomycetes-Cup fungi

Basidiomycetes-Gill Mushrooms

Basidiomycetes life cycle

Basidimycetes-Pore mushrooms

Chantrelle Mushroom

Lichen reproduction

Fruticose Lichen-orange one

Crustose Lichens

Foliose Lichen

Crustose Lichen

Fruticose Lichen

Foliose Lichen

Hydrothyria venosa-aquatic lichen

From Bacteria to Fungi