Ages N Stages Chapter 22

Discuss the following phrases…… “acting like a child” “from the mouth of babes”

Areas of Development 5 areas 1 – physical development large motor skills are; ---abilities that depend on controlling large muscles like legs and arms

small motor skills are; ---abilities that depend on control of small muscles, like hands and fingers

2 – intellectual development to use language and understand concepts to learn concentration

3--- emotional development --infant cries to communicate ---toddler can vocalize

4 – social development --enjoy relationships by the time they go to school

5 --- moral development --learn to tell right from wrong

Stages and Principles 4 main stages children go through:

Stages *1 –infancy (birth to 1 year) *2 –toddlerhood (1 to 3 years) *3 –preschool age (3 to 5 years) 4 –school age (5 to 10 years) *denotes early childhood

Developmental Tasks are … --different skills and abilities

1 – development is sequential --children build on tasks and in order, adding layers of ability

2 –rules of development are individual --some learn rapidly, others more slowly, each has a unique time frame

3 – the 5 areas of development are interrelated skills require child to be ready in more than one area Ex. Toilet training, bowels, bladder and intellectual and emotional readiness

General rules Children learn to control larger muscles before smaller ones Children learn simple tasks and skills before complex ones

Which kind of motor skills allow an infant to crawl across the floor? ---large motor skills

To fit an object into another one? --small motor skills

Can you predict exactly when a child will learn a certain skill? --no, they develop differently

**have students write with other hand What roles does patience, frustration, repetition have in acquiring skills? **have students write with other hand **discuss large and small motor skills walking, running crocheting, sewing, embroidery

Brain Development --giving infants and young children experiences, talking to them, loving them develop more brain connections—

Infancy Physical Development 1 ---reflexes --automatic, involuntary responses 2 – all senses are present ---eye, hearing, taste, smell, and touch

3 –eye-hand coordination --ability of the eyes and the hand and arm muscles to work together to make complex movements **putting objects in their mouth **rolling over, sitting up, finally standing

Intellectual development --sleeps a lot and then after time can follow toy with eyes and begins to coo for communication Object permanence is…. --people and things exist even after they are gone from sight, learned around 8 to 12 months of age

Emotional Development --develops trust in primary caregiver --feels warm, fed, and dry

Social Development --at 3 months --- smiles ---at 7 months recognizes familiar and unfamiliar faces

Toddlerhood 1 – 3 years Physical Development --may feed and dress self, needs to be watched for accidents

Intellectual development --improved communication, learns size and space, objects go together or inside of each other

Emotional development --acquire ideas that form their self-concept --“I can do it myself” attitude

Social Development ---parallel play is …… -----when toddlers play alongside one another instead of together age 2 they struggle for independence, favorite word is “no”

Moral Development --morality…. --an understanding about what is right and wrong --they test new behaviors and observe the results “separation anxiety”

Preschoolers 3 – 5 years Physical Development --move with greater assurance

Intellectual Development --learn alphabet, live in make believe world

Emotional Development --full range of emotions from fear to anxiety and fears --may not be able to distinguish from fantasy and reality

Social Development --cooperative play --is seeking out play groups of three or four children --how to get along with others, share, and simple problem solving

Moral Development --may have rigid sense of right and wrong --know caregivers, set and control rules

School Age Children Physical Development --baby teeth replaced, enjoy games like running and jumping, can draw and write

Intellectual Development --asks many questions, they think about why and how things happen --add 5000 words to their vocab

Emotional Development --stress may enter from school or family

Social Development --begin to form peer groups, take on more responsibility for their actions

Moral Development --understand rules are flexible and can be changed --want others to think of them as “good” **children first begin to acquire sense of trust

Special Needs Physical Disabilities --have strong opinions about how they want to be treated --can be empowered by caregivers who never question what they can do

Mental Disabilities ---they develop more slowly and often stop at lower level --tasks accomplished by extra effort

Learning Disabilities --problems that interfere with learning

Emotional Disabilities --being withdrawn, afraid, or aggressive may be indicators of emotional disabilities --may need counseling

Gifted children --highly intellectual --need extra opportunities and challenges to keep them stimulated and challenged

Inclusion --the practice of placing children who have disabilities and those who do not together in classrooms for all or part of the day

Page 14 Activities Write descriptions of child at certain developmental stage Infancy, toddler, preschooler, school age Name and activities Share with the class **make a chart Page 230 Key Chapter notes 4 columns Developmental key words and phrases