MAIN CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENTING THE MIGRATION SECTION OF THE CES RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Marina Manke Technical Cooperation Centre in Europe and Central Asia, International Organization for Migration Joint UNECE-Eurostat Work Session on Migration Statistics, Edinburgh, November 2006

DSM Indicators Work Permits Border Statistics UNHCR Data on Asylum Applications and Refugee Status Determination NUMBER OF FOREIGNERS IN THE COUNTRY KNOW THE META-DATA !

Outline Migration Reality in EECA Difficulties of Census Conduction Migrant Stock Estimation: What to Ask? Special questionnaire to NSOs Possible Ways Forward

Migration Reality in EECA Labour Migration Undocumented Migration Intraregional Migration – emergence of sending and receiving countries Forced Migration Continuing Formation of Borders

Census 2000 Round: First Experience Lack of Expertise Lack of Technical and Financial Resources Sensitivity of Results

Census 2000 Round: First Experience Total Population Estimation in Russia at 1 January: Before and After Census 2002 (persons, thousands) Source: Data of the Federal Statistical Service of the RF downloaded from in August 2005 and November 2006http://

Census 2000 Round: Innovations From „Family“ to „Household“ New Parameters: Citizenship Temporarily Present and Absent Counting only „Permanently Residing“ Place of Employment Special Templates for Certain Types of Migration (i.e. Emigration Form in Georgia)

Criteria for Migrant Categorization „COUNTRY/PLACE OF BIRTH“ International Boundaries Existing at the Time of Census Large numbers of foreign-born migrants who once were citizens of the same country

Criteria for Migrant Categorization „COUNTRY/PLACE OF BIRTH“ TOTAL in Russian Federation: 145,2 mln (Census 2002) 13,6 million foreign born 1,5 million non-Russian citizens SOLUTION: info on countries of birth – special notice of those born within the former Soviet Union bounderies

Criteria for Migrant Categorization „COUNTRYof CITIZENSHIP“ Naturalisation (special schemes: „compatriots in RF“, „oralmans“ in Kazakhstan Double Citizenship

Criteria for Migrant Categorization „RESIDENCE“ „Usual“ versus „Permanent“: still remaining confusion in terminology „ PREVIOUS PLACE OF USUAL RESIDENCE AND DATE OF ARRIVAL IN THE CURRENT PLACE OF RESIDENCE“

Criteria for Migrant Categorization Ethnicity Reason for Migration Country of Birth of Parents

General Conclusions In EECA – „citizenship“ and „place of birth“, but not „country of birth of parents“ Need to take into account the perculiar migration processes Adaptability of recommendations to national contexts