Chapter 21 Section 5 A Return To Peace

The Congress of Vienna {In order to resolve the questions of territory that France had acquired, hundreds of delegates from different countries met at the Congress of Vienna {In order to resolve the questions of territory that France had acquired, hundreds of delegates from different countries met at the Congress of Vienna The representative for France was Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord} The representative for France was Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord} Three principles guided the decisions of the Congress of Vienna Three principles guided the decisions of the Congress of Vienna 1: The countries that suffered at the hands of Napoleon had to be compensated for their losses 1: The countries that suffered at the hands of Napoleon had to be compensated for their losses 2: They had to come up with a balance of power in Europe so no one nation would become too powerful 2: They had to come up with a balance of power in Europe so no one nation would become too powerful 3: All decisions would instate Legitimacy- all former ruling families should be restored to their thrones 3: All decisions would instate Legitimacy- all former ruling families should be restored to their thrones

< Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord < Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord V The Congress of Vienna

Compensation Europe was totally rearranged by the Congress of Vienna Europe was totally rearranged by the Congress of Vienna The winning powers argued over territory The winning powers argued over territory Each country was afraid outcomes would upset the balance of power in Europe and tensions began to mount Each country was afraid outcomes would upset the balance of power in Europe and tensions began to mount Finally Talleyrand resolved the dispute with a distribution of land that everyone could accept Finally Talleyrand resolved the dispute with a distribution of land that everyone could accept France was also ordered to pay indemnity- or a financial reward to other countries for the damages it had caused France was also ordered to pay indemnity- or a financial reward to other countries for the damages it had caused The Bourbon monarchy also regained their territory in Spain and in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies The Bourbon monarchy also regained their territory in Spain and in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

The Napoleonic Empire Europe after the Congress of Vienna

Reactionary Alliance Following the Napoleonic Era came a time of {reaction- meaning that the people of authority wanted a return to the way things had been before} Following the Napoleonic Era came a time of {reaction- meaning that the people of authority wanted a return to the way things had been before} Reactionaries are people who not only oppose change but would also like to actually undo certain changes Reactionaries are people who not only oppose change but would also like to actually undo certain changes After 1815, the victors in Europe wanted a balance of power and had a conservative view toward politics After 1815, the victors in Europe wanted a balance of power and had a conservative view toward politics In the spirit of reactionism many countries restored their monarchies and began to try to stop the spread of nationalism In the spirit of reactionism many countries restored their monarchies and began to try to stop the spread of nationalism Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia- The Quadruple Alliance- agreed in 1815 to continue their alliances and meet periodically to discuss common interests. Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia- The Quadruple Alliance- agreed in 1815 to continue their alliances and meet periodically to discuss common interests. France was allowed to join in 1818, making it the Quintuple Alliance France was allowed to join in 1818, making it the Quintuple Alliance

Continued…. Czar Alexander of Russia urged all the other country leaders to sign an agreement called the Holy Alliance Czar Alexander of Russia urged all the other country leaders to sign an agreement called the Holy Alliance By signing the document they promised to rule as Christians By signing the document they promised to rule as Christians Out of these alliances formed the Concert of Europe- a form of international government by agreement Out of these alliances formed the Concert of Europe- a form of international government by agreement The goal of the Concert was to preserve the balance of power that was set up by the Congress of Vienna The goal of the Concert was to preserve the balance of power that was set up by the Congress of Vienna It was quite effective until 1848 It was quite effective until 1848

The Age of Metternich For the next 30 years, after the Congress of Vienna, Prince Metternich of Austria strongly influenced European politics For the next 30 years, after the Congress of Vienna, Prince Metternich of Austria strongly influenced European politics He feared the {liberalism movement which believed in individual rights and the rule of law} He feared the {liberalism movement which believed in individual rights and the rule of law} In Austria he suppressed rights such as freedom of speech and freedom of the press In Austria he suppressed rights such as freedom of speech and freedom of the press Liberals reacted strongly to the Congress of Vienna and to Metternich as well. Liberals reacted strongly to the Congress of Vienna and to Metternich as well. The British sympathized with the liberals and withdrew from the Holy Alliance in 1823 The British sympathized with the liberals and withdrew from the Holy Alliance in 1823 As Metternich’s repressive grip tightened underground resistance grew showing that feelings of nationalism could not be suppressed forever As Metternich’s repressive grip tightened underground resistance grew showing that feelings of nationalism could not be suppressed forever

Prince Metternich Prince Metternich

Review Questions In order to resolve the questions of territory that France had acquired, hundreds of delegates from different countries met at the Congress of Vienna In order to resolve the questions of territory that France had acquired, hundreds of delegates from different countries met at the Congress of Vienna Who was the representative for France? Who was the representative for France? What was it called when people of authority wanted a return to the way things had been before What was it called when people of authority wanted a return to the way things had been before What is the movement which believed in individual rights and the rule of law What is the movement which believed in individual rights and the rule of law