OIL AND GAS Creation, Search, Drilling and Recovering

CREATION OF OIL AND GAS Oil and gas are generally found together. Formed hundreds of years ago where areas of Canada and adjacent seas were covered by shallow oceans. Remains of marine animals and plants fell to the sea floor. Accumulated in thick layers and eventually were covered by layers of sand and silt.

CREATION OF OIL AND GAS Over time, the immense weight of all these layers compressed into sedimentary rock. Bacterial action, heat, and pressure converted the remains of the animals and plants into oil and gas.

GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES Oil and gas are found in geologic structures that trapped them. One of several structures that traps oil and gas is the anticlinal trap. Oil and gas are found in geologic structures that have the following characteristics;

CHARACTERISTICS.... 1) a geologic history that would allow oil and gas to develop. 2) a porous rock layer within which the oil and gas can exist. 3) a covering layer of non-porous rock which acts as a trap for the oil and gas.

THE SEARCH FOR OIL AND GAS Search for oil and gas in amounts that will make their recovery worthwhile is challenging. Must look for the "specific" geologic structures that have trapped oil and gas. May be hundreds of meters deep.

TRICKS FOR THE SEARCH Trick # 1- looking for rocks on the surface that contain traces of oil. Trick # 2- Searching for clues, like fossils, in the sedimentary rock that indicate the right conditions for the formation of oil and gas Trick # 3- Using geologic records obtained from the drill cores or nearby wells Trick # 4- Conducting seismic surveys, which use shock waves to locate oil and gas-bearing rock structures.

DRILLING FOR OIL AND GAS Presence of oil and gas can be determined only by drilling. Drawbacks of drilling: 1. Costly 2.Time consuming 3.Need for specialized equipment 4. Need for skilled workers

RESULTS OF OIL DRILLING One of 3 results can take place when drilling for oil; 1) No oil is found and the dry area is abandoned. 2) Oil and gas are found, but the amount is not significant enough to justify moving the oil and gas to the market. 3) Deposit is large enough to develop.

RECOVERING OIL AND GAS What are the 2 main ways of recovering Oil and Gas? Define each. fe=active fe=active 1) 2)