BELLWORK Why did Japan feel that the U.S. did not accept it as equal? What happened to Japan’s population after WWI? What problem did this create? Where did Japan expand to in 1931? Why was this a problem? How did militarism influence daily life in Japan? Who was Emperor Hirohito? Define kamikaze. THINKER: Summarize Japan’s shift to militarism! Why & how did it happen?

Why did Japan feel that the U.S. did not accept it as equal?

What happened to Japan’s population after WWI?

Where did Japan expand to in 1931? Why did they want to expand?

How did militarism influence daily life in Japan?

Who was Emperor Hirohito?

REVIEW List five things that caused the shift of the government towards militarism.

WWII IN ASIA

China post-WWI China was never controlled by a European power No military power Under Treaty of Versailles, Japan gained control of Shandong Caused internal divisions Foreign countries take advantage of China’s weakness

Chiang Kai-shek Leader of China’s Nationalist party - Kuomintang (GMD) Pre-WWII: Attempted compromise with Communist Party, but instead initiated civil war. Rejoined with communists in WWII against Japan. Believed Communism to be a disease of the soul If Chiang was so against communism, why would he unite with the communist party during WWII?

Mao Zedong Founder of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Upset over the problems post-WWI: no support for farmers/peasants; high poverty, control by warlords, foreign influence Leader of Red Army Encouraged workers to turn on people of authority  spread revolution!

China’s Government & Threat from Japan To learn about China prior to WWII, you are going to read pgs. 580-582. Take notes on the following points: Change in government Soviet aide Conflict w/ communists Mao Zedong Red Army Long March Manchuria Japanese invasion

As Chiang and Mao battled each other in 1931, the Japanese conquered Manchuria

Now we understand what was going on throughout Europe & China, but what about Japan? During WWI, Japan joined the Allies. They helped found the League of Nations and signed agreements to maintain international peace. Despite all of this, Japan was shifting towards militarism and wanted to expand.

Japan Moves Away from Peace Japan lacked the land, materials, and markets to feed its growing population. The Manchurian Incident: In 1931, Japanese troops captured several cities in Manchuria (Eastern China). This increased the army’s power over the government. Japan refused to cooperate with peace treaties, so it withdrew from the League of Nations Naval officers helped assassinate the prime minister and put the general Hideki Tojo into power in 1941.

Japanese Expansion Continued invasion of China Japan occupied major cities along China’s East coast Soldiers killed 200,000 civilians The U.S., Soviet Union, and Britain all tried to protect peace and stop invasion in China. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: Japan wanted to liberate Asia from European colonizers by extending their rule. In 1940, Japan allied itself with the Axis powers. Japan moved troops into French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies.

Should the U.S. enter WWII? Germany and Japan were big threats and increasing their aggression, but the U.S. was still deep in the Depression The big question: SHOULD THE U.S. ENTER WWII? Isolationism: Belief that the U.S. should stay out of war. Interventionism: Belief that the U.S. should give support and involvement to the Allies

From Isolationism to War FDR limited what Japan could buy from the U.S., froze Japanese financial assets, ended sales of iron and steel, and cut off oil shipments.

Lend-Lease Act Prime Minister Churchill confessed to FDR that Britain was nearly bankrupt and needed more American equipment. FDR provided war supplies to Britain without any payment in return. Lend-Lease Act: The President could aid any nation whose defense was vital to U.S. security. After Germany attacked the Soviet Union, FDR extended the Lend-Lease Act to the Soviets. By the end of WWII, the U.S. had loaned or given away $49 billion of aid to over 40 nations.

Pearl Harbor Tensions continued to grow between the powers, until…… December 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii. Japan’s goal: hurt the American Navy so they couldn’t interfere with expansion policies 2,400 Americans were dead,1,200 were wounded, and 200 warships were destroyed. December 8: FDR declared war on Japan. December 11: Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.

U.S.S. ARIZONA Most dramatic loss in Pearl Harbor attack. 1,177 dead The wreck was not salvaged and continues to lie on the floor of the harbor.

Pearl Harbor Footage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2PDl-wSBLQ

December 8, 1941: U.S. declares war on Japan December 11: Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.

CLOSURE In your notes, create a flow chart of events showing increasing tension between the U.S. and Japan. Use all events to describe conflict leading up to the U.S. declaration of war. * * * * *      U.S. DECLARES WAR!!!