The depths of War SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis. d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta.

1. factories could produce everything the people and army needed As the war progressed, it became obvious that the North was better able to deal with the hardships of war than the South. Southern Economic Problems: Northern Economies Boom: 1. Food shortage- Invading armies disrupted food and cotton production 2. labor shortage men were off fighting, women had to fill in 3. inflation – 1 and 2 led to a higher price of goods 4. Conf. Army desertions   1. factories could produce everything the people and army needed 2. women filled in for men in the factories

Medical care disease kills many soldiers: poor nutrition and contaminated food led to dysentery and typhoid fever, malaria Union soldier 3 times more likely to die in a camp or hospital than killed on the battlefield Doctors did not know how to sterilize their equipment Many women became nurses, including Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix

Northern Battle Blunders Lincoln changed the Generals in charge of the army routinely Nov. 1862 – General Ambrose Burnside put in charge of Union army His tactical errors led to the Union loss at the Battle of Fredericksburg in Dec. 1862 Burnside decided to cross the river right in front of Lee’s troops Burnside was forced to resign and General Joseph Hooker was put in charge Through a series of sly divisions of Lee’s army, the Union forces were defeated at Chancellorsville in May 1863 This was the low point for the Union war effort

Although they won the battle, the South suffered the loss of General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson after the Battle of Chancellorsville Jackson was accidently shot by his own men and later died as a result of disease Jackson’s death was a huge blow to the southern war effort – Lee would miss his skill on the battlefield and it lead to a drop in morale among southerners.

Battle of Gettysburg After the Union defeat in Chancellorsville, Lee marched his army North into PA It was rumored that many members of Lee’s army were looking for a stock of shoes near Gettysburg, PA What resulted was the 3-day Battle of Gettysburg, the greatest battle ever fought in NA

Day One – July 1, 1863 The new Union General, George Meade, arrived The two sides fought using a series of hills The Conf. Troops outnumbered the Union troops and Lee had a great deal of confidence after Chancellorsville, so he ordered Gen. Longstreet to attack on a Union stronghold the next day

Day Two – July 2, 1863 Longstreet didn’t attack until 4 p.m., giving Meade time to prepare A group of brave Maine soldiers held off the Conf. Attack and the Union held the hill

Losses at Gettysburg 23,000 of 85,000 Union soldiers were casualties 28,000 of 75,000 Conf. Soldiers were casualties the bloodiest battle of the Civil War http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gettysburg/maps/gettysburg-animated-map/

Day Three – July 3, 1863 Lee decided on a direct infantry charge against the center of the Union lines After 2 hours, the Union cannons stopped and Longstreet assumed they had destroyed the enemies guns and ordered a charge – known as Pickett’s Charge Union soldiers resumed firing, killing at least half of the Conf. Army and forcing them to surrender

Gettysburg Address http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3TgkH7VGSk

Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8VqFiU3fSU