1 Emission data needs for assessments and international reporting Joint UNECE and EIONET workshop on emission inventories and projections 9-11 May 2001, Geneva, Switzerland André Jol European Environment Agency

2 Contents Purpose of emission inventories and indicators Overview of main reporting requirements Main differences in methodologies (Guidebook and Guidelines) Use of emission data in assessments Future developments

3 Summary of pollutants and links with the main air related environmental issues 1: Some specific species such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene 2: Not toxic at general ambient concentrations 3: Ozone is also a greenhouse gases and therefore NO x, NMVOC and CO have an indirect effect on climate change. Furthermore aerosols containing sulphates and nitrates have a local cooling effect and thereby also SO 2, and NH 3 have an indirect effect on climate change. 4 : Various ozone depleting substances also have high global warming potential and thus contrubute also to climate change

4 Use of air emission data quantify the pressures and to assess, by air quality modelling, the impacts on the state of the environment, on human health and on materials (e.g. EMEP) develop abatement strategies and prioritise policies and measures for the main source categories (sectors) in a cost- effective way (integrated assessment) (e.g. TFIAM, CIAM) monitor the effects of implemented policies and measures (reduced or avoided emissions) at various levels (individual company, sectors, national, international), related to compliance monitoring monitor the level of integration of environmental concerns into sectoral policies and economic accounting (Eurostat) inform the public using indicators (performance, eco- efficiency, etc) (EEA)

5 Data quality demands Increasing demand for timely and high quality data for all user needs: reliable (accurate) detailed trends (use of the best scientific methodology) consistent over time (preferably use of the same method for the complete time series) comparable between countries (use of same source categories) complete (covering all major source sectors in the geographic area of concern) transparent (assumptions and methodologies used should be clearly explained and documented)

6 Main differences between reported data focus on specific environmental problem with specific source categories and pollutants: different source nomenclatures. Improvement with NFR for UNECE. Activity data and e-factors or only emission data frequency of reporting (annual or less frequent) geographically (boundary of “country”) international coverage (various sets of countries involved )

7 UNFCCC and EU Monitoring Mechanism UNFCCC from 1992 and its Kyoto Protocol (1997) on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6 Council Decision 1999/296/EC for a Monitoring Mechanism of Community CO 2 and other greenhouse gas emissions + guidelines (Sep 2000) Annual reporting of greenhouse gas data in year N: UNFCCC by 15 April (N-15 months) and EU by 31 December (N-12 months). Format: IPCC (new Common Reporting Format from 2000) Same guidelines and methodologies for FCCC and EU: o UNFCCC Guidelines on reporting and review (FCCC/CP/1999/7), Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2000) Commission needs to compile annually the EC inventory (15 MS)

8 UNECE CLRTAP UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP, 1979), assisted by EMEP. Protocols on the reduction of emissions heavy metals (1998) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (1998) and the multi-pollutant protocol (SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOC) (1999) Annual reporting in year N of data N-1. Format: SNAP level 1 (from 1999 onwards aim at SNAP level 2), to be changed into NFR to harmonise with FCCC/IPCC Guidelines and methodologies: o New Draft Reporting Guidelines (April o EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook (second edition, 1999) Commission needs to compile annually the EC inventory (15 MS)

9 Other EU legislation and developments Large Combustion Plant Directive (1988, and proposals for revision of 1999) : SO2, NOx (annual) Directive on the limitation of emissions of VOC (use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations,1999) Proposal for a Directive on Ozone and National Emission Ceilings for certain pollutants (1999), not yet adopted. Reference to same guidelines and methodologies as used in CLRTAP. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive (1996) and the Commission Decision on a European Pollutant Emission Register (July 2000). Pollutants : 37 to air, 26 to water. Guidance document (2000) Cardiff process for the integration of environmental component to sectoral policies (development of indicators)

10 EEA activities Use of emission data in EEA indicator reports (Signals 2001) and sectoral reports (TERM, EER). Also for assessments such as Clean Air for Europe programme (CAFE). Data limitations, additional models needed (RAINS, PRIMES). EEA assists the Commission in preparing the EC greenhouse gas inventory and the EC CLRTAP inventory, available on EEA web site EEA, with Eurostat, EMEP and JRC, aim at improving data flow between countries, the Commission, Eurostat, the Conventions and to EEA EEA provides support to EEA member countries (CollectER/ReportER, COPERT III) and through workshops

11 Future developments (1) quality and timeliness of reported data : need for improved National Inventory System involving all actors (scientific organisations, national environmental protection agencies, national statistical institutes, stakeholders such as industry and environmental NGOs) Improved accessibility of the national activity statistics required to compile inventories New demands : Kyoto Protocol, emissions to water (EPER/IPPC), NECD Further development of methodologies through new research and new data. Focus on PM, also : new greenhouse gases, heavy metals, POPs, end to include emissions to water.

12 Future developments (2) Improved co-ordination at exchange of information at the international level. Example of co-operation : Co-ordinated European Programme on particulate matter emission inventories, projections and guidance (CEPMEIP) Improved data flow systems, organisational and also electronic/Internet (nationally, internationally, EIONET) Increasing interest in scenarios and emission projections, cooperation with integrated assessment experts (modellers)