Tal Kaplan 3313. Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
© Food – a fact of life 2009 Development and Maintenance of Healthy Teeth Extension.
Advertisements

The Teeth © PDST Home Economics. Healthy Teeth & Gums Help us to digest food Help us to digest food Make us look better Make us look better Good health.
DENTAL FLUOROSIS Logic and Thato.
Arsenic Human Health and the Environment. Introduction to Arsenic Good Element – Bad Chemistry Arsenic Good Element – Bad Chemistry.
MINERALS Damion Francis MSc. TMRI-ERU. Phosphorus 85% of phosphorus is located in bones and teeth Remainder found in muscles, organs, blood, and other.
Administration and Absorption of Drugs. Factors that effect the action of a drug 1.Rate of accumulation at its site of action 2.Concentration of the drug.
Disposition of Chemical Compounds. Four Phases To Disposition of Chemical Compounds Absorption of Chemicals into the Body Distribution of Chemicals within.
Drug Fate. Removing substances from the body Some substances are very difficult to eliminate – heavy metals such as lead and mercury The body very efficient.
Body Water ANS 215 Anatomy & Physiology of Domesticated Animals.
CSUF Pre-Dental Society Dental Outreach Program Commonwealth Elementary Fullerton, CA TODAY!! 12:45pm – 2:00pm Outreach Points: 3 points.
Fluoride in Public Drinking Water: A Students Perspective A Scientific Editorial Jeff Sauer.
Metabolic handling of ingested fluoride Absorption, soft-tissue distribution, hard tissue uptake, and excretion Objectives: DENT 5302 TOPICS IN DENTAL.
Chapter 12: Minerals.
Chapter 8 Water and Minerals
Chapter Seven - Part Two The Trace Minerals & Water Food & Nutritional Health NUT SCI –242 Karen Lacey, MS, RD, CD © Spring 2005.
CHAPTER 3 Life Span Considerations
Mercury Pollution By, Nastaran Yazdi. Occurrence of Mercury in Nature:  A naturally occurring element.  Found mostly as cinnabar ore (HgS.)  Cinnabar.
Fluorosis Damion Francis MSc. TMRI-ERU. Essential Nutrient or Health Hazard Sensitive methods can detect fluorine in every bone and teeth Sensitive methods.
F LUORIDES By Dr. Shahzadi Tayyaba Hashmi DNT 353.
Pharmacokinetics Chapter 4.
Prof. d-r R.Kabaktchieva. Purpose of fluoride prevention  Purpose of fluoride prevention is to build resistant tooth structure for better oral health.
? ? ? The Colgate Crisis: Fluoridation and Health.
1..  Fluoride is the ionic form of the element fluorine.  Fluoride is a mineral found throughout the earth's crust and widely distributed in nature.
Rosa Martinez. Benefits of natural water fluoridation were noticed in 1930 by Dr. Frederick Mckay. In 1945, Grand Rapids, Michigan became the first city.
MICRONUTRIENTS VITAMINS AND MINERALS. OVERVIEW Vitamins are essential for the regulation of the body’s metabolic functions. They are required in small.
MDA Chapters: 13: Dental Caries 14: Periodontal Disease
The role of nutrition in optimising health and development Unit
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 2 Drug Action and Handling.
How much Calcium does your baby or child need per day? 0 to 6 months : 400mg 6 months to 1 year: 600mg Children 1-3 years: 500mg Children 4-8 years: 800mg.
Bad to the Bone Lead Deposits in Our Skeleton Caroline Kielczewski Lead has a very short half-life; therefore blood lead levels can only be used to diagnose.
Periodic Table The Periodic Table of Elements is the most important reference in chemistry, and it represents all the known chemical elements as well.
Fluorides and their role in clinical dentistry
Water and Minerals: The Ocean Within BIOL 103, Chapter 10-1.
OUT LINES ■Overview of calcium and phosphate regulation in the extracellular fluid and . plasma ■ Non- Bone physiologic effects of altered calcium and.
TOXICOLOGY Trina Redford, Industrial Hygienist National Naval Medical Center Naval Business Bldg 615, 2 nd Fl. Philadelphia, PA.
Nutrition Across the lifespan. Nutrition Across the Lifespan All nutrients are required across the lifespan. All nutrients are required across the lifespan.
Water Fluoridation November 21, 2007 Abdullah S. Al-Swuailem BDS, MS, MPH, Dr PH.
LEAD Pb Atomic Mass: Atomic Number: 82. PROBLEM STATMENT Does living in older communities cause a greater risk of lead poisoning?
Chapter 4 Pharmacokinetics Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning.
Basic Pharmacokinetics The time course of drug action Collected and Prepared By S.Bohlooli, PhD.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Biological effects of alcohol on fetus The Arctic FASD Regional Training Center is a project of the UAA Center for Behavioral.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the biologic mechanism of fluoridation Understand the biologic mechanism of fluoridation Understand the benefits, possible.
.  Symbol: Hg  Atomic number: 80  Moderately active  Mercury reacts at about 350°C to form Mercury II oxide 2Hg(s) + O 2 (g) → 2HgO(s) A red powder.
PHARMACOKINETICS Part 3.
Fluids and Acid Base Physiology Dr. Meg-angela Christi Amores.
Glomerular filtration. Dr. Rida Shabbir DPT KMU. Functions of kidney: Excretion of metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals. Regulation of water.
Bone Cell, :) By: Lynnissa Baker.. Function. Osteocytes descend from osteoblasts. They are formed by the incorporation of osteoblasts into the bone.
How much Fluoride is in there? Tobi Maser Quantitative Analysis December 7, 1999.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Properties of Water Lesson Overview 2.2 Properties of Water.
How do we get nutrients from food? Structure and Function of the Digestive System.
Chapter 14 Nutrients That Promote Growth & Regulate Body Functions (Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water) ©2015 Cengage Learning.
Judith E. Brown Prof. Albia Dugger Miami-Dade College Good Things to Know About Minerals Unit 23.
Reactions, advantages, methods of delivery
Outline of Today’s lecture 1. Introduction 2. Distribution of Fluoride 3. Fluoride functions 4. Sources of Fluoride 5. Clinical significance of Fluoride.
Solutions & The Ocean Professor Bob Kaplan University Department of Science.
Dr. Huda Y K. Fluoride has been proven to play a significant role in preventing and controlling the caries disease. So we will talk about: Description.
ADME Dr Basma Damiri Toxicology In general, a toxicant should be absorbed in order to have an effect. True or false? Why? False Some toxicants.
  WEEK TWO   LOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS IN THE BODY OF FARM ANIMAL Chemical groups which make up the gross composition of the body of farm.
Dental Fluorosis BY SULU SAMOYLOV.
FLUORIDE METABOLISM HENDRA WIJAYA.
MINERALS IN HUMAN HEALTH
Fluoride Supplements.
The role of fluoride in dental caries prevention
Is a water soluble vitamin and easily destroyed by heat, alkali and storage .In the process of cooking,70% of vitamin C is lost. The vitamin is easily.
Fluoride and Dental health
FLUORIDE: HUMAN HEALTH & CARIES PREVENTION
MEASURING DENTAL FLUOROSIS
The Teeth © PDST Home Economics.
Fluoride Dr Sara Mariyum 26/11/2018. Fluoride Dr Sara Mariyum 26/11/2018.
Presentation transcript:

Tal Kaplan 3313

Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standart condition. Elemental fluorine in Earth's atmosphere would easily react with rocks, precluding its natural occurrence; it is found only in combined mineral forms, of which flurite, fluorapetite and cryolite are the most industrially significant. Fluorite or fluorspar (CaF2), colorful and abundant worldwide, is fluorine's main source For the human organism fluorine source are of Natural sources : Seafood. tea. fluoridated drinking water. Soda. Fish.

Oral uptake: In humans and animals, ingested fluoride occurs as hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the acidic environment of the stomach and is effectively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, although there is no proved absorption from the oral cavity. Highly soluble fluoride compounds, such as NaF present in tablets, aqueous solutions and toothpaste are almost completely absorbed, whereas compounds with lower solubility, such as CaF2, MgF2, and AlF3, are less well absorbed. Dermal absorption: No experimental data on the extent of dermal absorption of fluoride from dilute aqueous solutions are available (like in shower). Inhalation: No systematic experimental data on the absorption of fluoride after inhalation are available. Once absorbed, fluoride is rapidly distributed throughout the body via the blood. The short term plasma half-life is normally in the range of 3 to 10 hours. fluoride is distributed between the plasma and blood cells, with plasma levels being twice as high as blood cell levels. fluoride concentrations are not homeostatically regulated, but rise and fall according to the pattern of fluoride intake.

Approximately 99% of the fluoride in the human body is found in bones and teeth. fluoride is incorporated into tooth and bone by replacing the hydroxyl ion in hydroxyapatite to form fluorohydroxyapatite. The level of fluoride in bone is influenced by several factors including age, past and present fluoride intake, and the rate of bone turnover. fluoride is not irreversibly bound to bone and is mobilized from bone through bone remodelling. Soft tissues do not accumulate fluoride, but a higher concentration has been reported for the kidney due to the partial re-absorption. The blood-brain barrier limits the diffusion of fluoride into the central nervous system, where the fluoride level is only about 20% that of plasma. Human studies have shown that fluoride is transferred across the placenta, and there is a direct relationship between fluoride levels in maternal and cord blood. Ingestion of high concentration fluoride can produce gastrointestinal discomfort at doses at least 15 to 20 times lower (0.2–0.3 mg/kg) than lethal doses. Although helpful for dental health in low dosage, chronic exposure to fluoride in large amounts interferes with bone formation. In this way, the greatest examples of fluoride poisoning arise from fluoride-rich ground water, that can cause fluorosis (developmental disturbance of dental enamel changes of tooth color – brown).

Dental fluorosis (DF) is an undesirable developmental defect of tooth enamel attributed to greater-than-optimal systemic fluoride exposure during critical periods of amelogenesis. DF is characterized by increased porosity (subsurface hypomineralization) with a loss of enamel translucency and increased opacity. Ameloblasts in the maturational phase appear to be the cellular target of chronic fluoride exposure (DenBesten and Thariani, 1992), whereas acute fluoride toxicity targets the transitional and early-secretory ameloblasts. The mechanism(s) underlying DF remain obscure, but likely contribute to the observed retention of enamel matrix proteins and may include reduced removal of enamel matrix proteins during enamel maturation, perturbation of extracellular transport, or initiation of the ER stress-response pathway.DenBesten and Thariani, 1992

Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water has fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities. Effectiveness: Water fluoridation effectively reduces cavities in both children and adults: [9] earlier studies showed that water fluoridation reduced childhood cavities by fifty to sixty percent, but more recent studies show lower reductions (18–40%) likely due to increasing use of fluoride from other sources, notably toothpaste, and also the 'halo effect' of food and drink that is made in fluoridated areas and consumed in unfluoridated ones. [9]

AgeAI 0-6 months0.01 mg/day 7-12 months0.50 mg/day Infant's:

Adult's AgeAI Men yr4 mg/day yr4 mg/day yr4 mg/day >70 yr4 mg/day Women yr3 mg/day yr3 mg/day yr3 mg/day >70 yr3 mg/day

Pragnancy: AgeAI yr3 mg/day yr3 mg/day yr3 mg/day Lactation: AgeAI yr3 mg/day yr3 mg/day yr3 mg/day

Tal Kaplan 3313