© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Communication & Group Culture © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. C H A P T E R 8 Twelfth Edition Theory and Practice EFFECTIVE GROUP DISCUSSION
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Content Structuration Theory Task & Social Concerns Symbolic Convergence Theory Group Socialization of Members Development of Group Norms Development of a Group’s Climate
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Structuration Theory Communication among members creates a group’s culture Constraints of the surrounding culture Choices of group members Continuous process Adaptive structuration theory Focus on computer technology
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Primary & Secondary Concerns Primary tension Socioemotional focus Dominates formation phase Must be banished for group success Symbolic Convergence Icebreakers Teambuilding Norms of a supportive environment Continued
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Primary & Secondary Concerns Secondary tension Task focus Emerges during production phase Inevitable in an effective group Must be managed for group success
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Managing Secondary Tension Valuing & integrating Forces the group to examine issues Makes the process more interesting Decreasing Secondary Tension Showing solidarity Agreeing Tension release
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Status Hierarchy Ascribed status Earned status Idiosyncracy credit
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Status Hierarchy Group member interactions: Guide status relationships Reinforce status relationships Modify status relationships Continued
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Group Socialization of Members Group socialization New members challenge the existing group
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Phases of Group Socialization Antecedent phase Anticipatory phase Encounter phase Assimilation phase Exit phase
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development of Group Norms Rules Norms General Role-specific Conformity
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development of Group Norms Evidence of group norms: 1.Repeated and regular behaviors 2.Punishment for nonconformity Changing norms
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Development of a Group’s Climate Cohesiveness Supportiveness Teambuilding Supporting virtual groups Continued
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Supportiveness Supportive Communication Description Problem orientation Spontaneity Empathy Equality Provisionalism Defensive Communication Evaluation Control Strategy Neutrality Superiority Certainty
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Supporting Cohesiveness & Productivity in Virtual Groups Establish identity Manage uncertainty Manage technology issues H Get the group together in real space H Clarify the rules Have a location Encourage frequent communication
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. We use what we learn from an number of theories, notably: Structuration Symbolic Convergence Group Socialization to develop tactics to support cohesiveness and productivity in the small group.