By: John Anderson Luke Hunter Cassidy Reno

Primitivism  Conscious adaptations by European and American artists of authentic specimens of Oceanic, African, and other non-Western art.  Western artists did not acknowledge African art.  African art changed similarly to Western art.  Most African art served religious purposes.  African sculptures were made of wood. The more important the figure, the bigger the size.

Benin Wall Piece from Benin, Nigeria

Art and World Beyond the West  Paul Gauguin was one of first to use exotic patterns in wood cuts.  Wooden objects influenced Picasso, Georges Braque, and other Cubists.  Artists wanted to be simple and show main point.  “The artist shows an instinctive understanding of his material, its right use and possibilities.”-Henry Moore

Yellow Sweater Head Amedeo Modigliani

Jazz Age  Was born by African slaves.  Combined western harmonic and melodic forms with Christian hymns.  They improvised from the original melody and words.  Starting in New Orleans jazz spread up the Mississippi River and throughout America.

Famous Jazz Musicians  Duke Ellington  Charlie Parker  Thelonious Monk  Aaron Copland  Igor Stravinsky  Leonard Berstein  George Gershwin

French and German Expressionism  Focused more on human imagination as opposed to representation of nature.  Reaction to objectivity of impressionism Ex. Starry Night- van Gogh  Looked more distantly at the luminous colors of stain glass and the inventiveness of Romanesque sculpture.

The Wild Beasts  French expressionists painters used violent color clashes similar to impressionism  Fauves: wild beasts  Showed depth by different color shades

Blue Window-Henri Matisse

Expressionism in Germany  Published The Blue Rider by Franz Marc and Wassily Kandinsky

Musical Counterparts to Expressionism  Richard Strauss had violent outbursts of musical expressionism in his operas. Salome and Elektra  Salome is an operatic voyage into the realm of abnormal psychology.  The audience was emotionally aroused by the combination of attraction and repulsion.

Musical Expressionism  Composers worked to the musical climax starting low in pitch and mounting upward.  Schoenberg and Berg believed that dissonance produced anxiety that leaves the listener hanging in the air with harmonic expectations unfulfilled.