CHAPTER 3 SECTION 3-1 TO 3-4

LIVING SYSTEMS AS COMPARTMENTS  P

THE CELL MEMBRANE SEMIPERMEABLE OR SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (ALLOWING ONLY CERTAIN MATERIALS IN OR OUT) BASED UPON THE FLUID MOSAIC MODEL (SEE P.1+2 OF PACKET) WHERE MOLECULES ARE FLOATING AROUND ONE ANOTHER

PARTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE 1. PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER *HYDROPHILIC HEADS AND HYDROPHOBIC TAILS 2. TRANSPORT PROTEINS *ASSIST MOVEMENT OF SOME MATERIALS ACROSS THE MEMBRANE 3. CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS *ON TOP OF CERTAIN LIPIDS AND PROTEINS  GLYCOLIPIDS AND GLYCOPROTEINS WHICH HAVE ANTENNAE TO COMMUNICATE 4. CHOLESTEROL FOR FLUIDITY

PARTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE SUBSTANCES THAT MOVE THROUGH THE LIPID BILAYER  H 2 0, O 2, CO 2, N 2 AND LIPIDS SUBSTANCES THAT MOVE THROUGH THE TRANSPORT PROTEINS  GLUCOSE, AMINO ACIDS, NUCLEOTIDES, IONS (SUCH AS H+, Na+, K+, Ca+)

TYPES OF CELLULAR TRANSPORT

PASSIVE TRANSPORT  NO ENERGY USED BY THE CELL(IN THE FORM OF ATP) 1. DIFFUSION  THE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES OF A SUBSTANCE FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION

DIFFUSION SOLUTE  MATERIAL DISSOLVED IN WATER (SALT, OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS) SOLVENT  WATER IS AN EXAMPLE (USUALLY A LIQUID) WILL OCCUR UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED (BIOLOGICAL BALANCE) MOVEMENT DOWN THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT (THE DIFFERENCE IN CONCENTRATION ACROSS A SPACE  BASED ON SOLUTE

2. OSMOSIS  DIFFUSION OF WATER FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION

THREE TYPES OF SOLUTIONS DEPENDS ON SOLUTE CONCENTRATION (WHICH IS THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT)

A. HYPOTONIC WATER MOVES INTO THE CELL AND IT SWELLS ANIMAL CELLS CAN BURST  CYTOLYSIS IN PLANT CELLS  TURGOR PRESSURE INCREASES AS WATER MOVES IN FROM ROOT HAIRS TO CELLS (DUE TO LARGE SURFACE AREA)

B. HYPERTONIC WATER MOVES OUT OF THE CELL CELLS SHRINK  PLASMOLYSIS IN PLANT CELLS, CRENATE IN ANIMAL CELLS

C. ISOTONIC NO NET MOVEMENT, OSMOTIC BALANCE (EQUILIBRIUM) IS REACHED

FACILITATED DIFFUSION TO MOVE MATERIALS ACROSS THE MEMBRANE, USES TRANSPORT PROTEINS, AN EXAMPLE OF A SUBSTANCE BEING MOVED THIS WAY IS GLUCOSE (C 6 H 12 O 6 )

ACTIVE TRANSPORT POWERED BY ATP MOVEMENT FROM LOW TO HIGH

TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT 1. CELL MEMBRANE PUMPS CERTAIN TYPES OF IONS (Na+, K+) 2. CONTRACTILE VACUOLE IN PROTISTS SUCH AS PARAMECIUM (PUMP THAT REMOVES WATER)

3. ENDOCYTOSIS (TAKING IN) A. PHAGOCYTOSIS: CELLULAR EATING (SOLIDS) B. PINOCYTOSIS: CELLULAR DRINKING USING VESICLES (LIQUIDS) 4. EXOCYTOSIS (EXITING) REMOVAL OF WASTES, HORMONES

THAT’S ALL! CELLULAR TRANSPORT QUIZ FORMAT 31 MULTIPLE CHOICE AND FILL INS (WITH 7 DIAGRAMS) 3 SHORT ANSWER (TWO WORTH 2 PTS. EACH, ONE WORTH 1 PT.) 3 BONUS (1 PT. EACH) 36 TOTAL POINTS STUFF TO REVIEW NOTES AND OUTLINE DIAGRAM PACKET TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (AND ANSWERS) STUDY GUIDE (AND ANSWERS)