THE JUDICIAL BRANCH The United States Government

Constitutional Types of Courts

Constitutional Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. Types of Courts

Constitutional Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts” Types of Courts

Constitutional Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1) Types of Courts

Constitutional Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891 Types of Courts

Constitutional Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94) Types of Courts

Constitutional Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Article 1 of the Constitution Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Article 1 of the Constitution  1. Court of Federal Claims Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Article 1 of the Constitution  1. Court of Federal Claims  2. Military Tribunals Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Article 1 of the Constitution  1. Court of Federal Claims  2. Military Tribunals  3. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Article 1 of the Constitution  1. Court of Federal Claims  2. Military Tribunals  3. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces  4. Territorial Courts Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Article 1 of the Constitution  1. Court of Federal Claims  2. Military Tribunals  3. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces  4. Territorial Courts  5. U.S. Tax Court Types of Courts

Constitutional Special Decide if laws and actions are constitutional. “Regular Courts” or “Inferior Courts”  1. U.S. Supreme Court (1)  2. Courts of Appeals (12) created in 1891  3. District Courts (94)  4. U.S. Court of International Trade Here specific cases Article 1 of the Constitution  1. Court of Federal Claims  2. Military Tribunals  3. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces  4. Territorial Courts  5. U.S. Tax Court  6. Court of Veterans Affairs Types of Courts

Inception No federal courts under the Articles of Confederation Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution established the Judicial Branch Judiciary Act of 1789: created the federal court system

Process Step 1: cases are first heard in one of the 94 federal district courts. Step 2: if the decision is disputed it will be reviewed by the court of appeals who may decide to send it to the Supreme Court Step 3: the Supreme Court decides whether laws or actions are “constitutional”

Structure/Powers The Supreme had 6 justices in 1789 Today there are 9 justices Chief Justice: head of the Supreme Court Associate Justices: the other 8 members of the court Judicial Review: only the Supreme Court can declare laws and actions “unconstitutional”

Appointment Federal judges, including Supreme Court Justices, are appointed by the President. The Senate approves all appointments made by the President. Supreme Court Justices serve life terms.

Appointment Federal judges, including Supreme Court Justices, are appointed by the President. The Senate approves all appointments made by the President. Supreme Court Justices serve life terms. Why?

Appointment Federal judges, including Supreme Court Justices, are appointed by the President. The Senate approves all appointments made by the President. Supreme Court Justices serve life terms. Why?

Types of Opinions After hearing a case the Supreme Court releases their decisions Majority Opinion Concurring Opinion Dissenting Opinion

Firsts for Supreme Court Justices John Jay: Oct Jun.1795

Firsts for Supreme Court Justices John Jay: first Justice ever Oct Jun.1795

Firsts for Supreme Court Justices John Jay: first Justice ever Thurgood Marshall: Oct Oct. 1991Oct Jun.1795

Firsts for Supreme Court Justices John Jay: first Justice ever Thurgood Marshall: first African American Justice Oct Oct. 1991Oct Jun.1795

Firsts for Supreme Court Justices John Jay: first Justice ever Thurgood Marshall: first African American Justice Sandra Day O’Connor: Oct Oct. 1991Sep Jan.2006Oct Jun.1795

Firsts for Supreme Court Justices John Jay: first Justice ever Thurgood Marshall: first African American Justice Sandra Day O’Connor: first female Justice Oct Oct. 1991Sep Jan.2006Oct Jun.1795