Ocean Currents

Oceans have a slower, much longer-lasting effect on climate than winds. Ocean currents are basically driven by the sun and the rotation of the Earth. Winds move the surface layer of the ocean. There are two types of ocean currents: Surface and Deep Water currents. They create the Ocean Conveyor Belt. This combination of currents make climates more similar across the globe. Scientists believe that currents are the reason for the ending of the ice age.

Surface Currents

Surface currents are driven by wind. Their direction is due to the Coriolis Effect and the temperature of the areas of the currents. Surface currents are usually found where gyres are formed. These currents involve about 10% of all the water in the ocean and go to the depth of 0.4 km (1/4 mile)

Gulf Stream

It originates at the tip of Florida and follows the eastern U.S. coastline and Newfoundland before it crosses the Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf stream influences the climate along its path. Both northern and western Europe would have a much cooler climate if it were not for the effect of the Gulf stream, because of the warm water current that flows to the cooler regions.

Deep Water Currents

Deep water currents involve 90% of the oceans water, and have a temperature of 3°C (37.4°F). These currents are more dense, have a higher salinity composition, and are colder than surface currents. A change in the density of the ocean water at the surface causes the currents. The more dense water sinks.