Word Formation 1.Morphological Process (by means of derivational morphemes)

2. Coinage( 신조어 ) Kodak, nylon, xerox, kleenex, Jell-o, vaseline, baguette, 우황청심환, 미원, 쏘다,

cf. Antonomasia ( 환칭 ): Solomon, jean, vandal, hamburger, sandwich Solomon: wise man sandwich: named for the fourth Earl of Sandwich, who put his food between two slices of bread so that he could eat while he gambled

robot: after the mechanical creatures in the Czech writer Karel Capek‘s play R.U.R., the initials standing for "Rossum's Universal Robots" jumbo: after an elephant brought to the United States by P. T. Barnum ("Jumbo olives" need not be as big as an elephant, however,) vandal: after the Vandals, 문명 ( 로마 ) 의 파괴자 hamburger: after Hamburg; Hamburg(er) steak jean: after the Genova, of Italy, for the product of its cotton goods

3. Borrowing ( 차용어 ) alcohol (Arabic), piano (Italian), boss (Dutch), robot (Czech), tycoon (Japanese), yogurt (Turkish), croissant (French)

4. Compounding ( 복합어 ) N-N: fire-engine, oil-well, A-N: green-house, blue-bird, V-N: scrub-nurse, jump-suit, P-N: after-thought, in-laws N-V: spoon-feed, steam-roll, A-V: white-wash, dry-clean

bookstore, housekeeper, English teacher, blackboard, dishwasher, dog food box, baseball bat rack P-V: over-look, under-estimate V-V: drop-kick, break-dance N-A: nation-wide, sky-blue, A-A: red-hot, deep-blue P-A: over-ripe, in-grown

5. Blending ( 합성어 ) gasoline + alchohol ⇒ gasohol smoke + fog ⇒ smog brunch (breakfast + lunch), motel (motorists + hotel), telecast (television + broadcast), spam = spiced ham, Reaganomics (President Reagan's version of economic policy), bit = binary + digit 욘플르엔자 ( 배용준 / 욘사마 + influenza) 슈믈리에 ( 슈 ( 酒 )+ sommelier: 와인전문가 ) modem = modulator + demodulator chunnel (new underwater link between Britain and the continent) = channel + tunnel between compounding and blending: guesstimate workaholic, medicare (medical + care)

6. Clipping ( 절제 ) gas (gasoline), ad (advertisement), fan (fanatic), flu (influenza) bus (omnibus), plane (airplane) prof.(professor), lab (laboratory)

7. Backformation ( 역조성어 ) television → televise, editor → edit, donation → donate, option → opt, emotion → emote, enthusiasm → enthuse peddler, swindler, stoker, laser → peddle, swindle, stoke, lase

8. Conversion ( 개조 ): 8. Conversion ( 개조 ): change in the function of a word He's papering the bedroom walls. Have you buttered the toast? We bottled the home-brew last night. They are vacationing in France. They up the prices. We down a few beers. The bill was so controversial that it was tabled again.

9. Acronyms 9. Acronyms ( 두자어 ) NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund)

radar (radio detecting and ranging) laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) 유도 방출에 의한 빛의 증폭 aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) 후천성면역결핍증 scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) 자급식 수중호흡장치

10. Echoism (Onomatopoeia): 의성어 pop, click, clink, clang, hiss, wheeze, whisper, murmur, meow, bow-wow, cock-a-doodle-doo

11. Reduplication: 반복어 pooh-pooh( 깔보다 ), tiptop( 최고 ), hanky-panky( 속임수, play --), dilly-dally( 꾸물거림 ), tacktock( 똑딱 ), singsong( 단조롭게, in a singsong), wiggle-waggle( 흔들흔들 ), super-duper( 초대형의 ), pitter-patter( 후두둑, 타다닥 ), hugger-mugger( 쉬쉬해 버리다 hush up), nitwit( 멍청이 ), lovey-dovey( 홀딱 반한 )