Chapter 6 Part 2

 Culture and Geography  Emotions and Psychology  Beliefs  Health Concerns  Appearance  Taste and Odor

 Food Costs  Price plays some role in determining what people eat.  Food budget –  buy every product you want  choose a less costly substitute  rule out a food altogether

Technology  Increased the number of people who have access to some foods.  New packaging and preservation methods  What are some of the products at the supermarket?  Can you name a few?

The Role of Temperature  Food may taste different depending on its temperature.  Heat increases the sweet taste of some sugars.  Salty tastes are more intense in cooler foods.  Odor affects taste  Cold – numbs tongue, makes food seem tasteless until warmed

Texture  Sensory evaluators test food for textural aspects  Brittleness  Graininess  Chewiness

Mouthfeel What is this?  How a food feels in the mouth.  Associated with quality of foods  Premium ice cream feels smooth not gritty  Tender steak melts in the mouth  Affected by temperature

Sound  Texture cannot be separated from its sound  Ex: applesauce should be smooth and not have a crunchy sound  Crackers should crackle

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 BmE BmE

11 Five Senses The sensory system includes any organ or part involved in the perceiving and receiving of stimuli. Five Senses sight smell hearingtouch taste All sensory organs contain specialized receptor cells that receive stimuli.

12 Sight-the Eye Contains about 70% of all the receptors in the body Each eye is a sphere consisting of three layers: -outer layer (eyelid) -middle layer (vascular layer) -interior layer (retinal layer) eyelid eyebrow eyelashes Note: Eyebrows and eyelashes keep foreign particles from entering the eye.

13 The Skin Receptors Touch, Pain, and Temperature – the Skin Skin receptors can sense the following: Touch Pressure Pain Temperature Injury

14 The Nose Smell - the Nose The sense of smell is activated by neurons called olfactory receptors which are covered with cilia. Olfactory receptors are yellowish-brown masses along the top of the nasal cavity.

15 Taste ……..... Taste - the Tongue and Oral Cavity Taste Buds organs that sense the taste of food located on the surface of the tongue, roof of mouth, and walls of the pharynx contain receptor cells called taste cells Four Types of Taste Buds sweetsaltybittersour

1. Why is sensory evaluation used by food producers? 2. What is the difference between flavor and taste? 3. Why might hot cocoa smell more “chocolatey” than chocolate ice cream? 4. Why is a food’s sound considered an element of texture?