Chapter 32 Anticonvulsants. Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved. 32 - 2 Epilepsy An electrical.

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Chapter 32 Anticonvulsants

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Epilepsy An electrical disorder of the brain that sometimes leads to seizures Definitions  Seizure: a brief episode of abnormal electrical activity in the nerve cells  Convulsion: spasmodic contractions of involuntary muscles

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Symptoms of Epilepsy Abnormal motor function Loss of consciousness Altered sensory awareness Psychic changes

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Drug Agents Used to Prevent Seizures Barbiturates Hydantoins Succinimides Benzodiazepines Other agents  Valproic acid  Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Clients often on these medications for life

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Anticonvulsants Treatment  Start with one drug and add others as needed  Check serum drug concentrations as required

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Goal of Anticonvulsants Prevent the generation and spread of excessive discharges in the brain  Protect the normal cells

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Anticonvulsants: Therapeutic Effects Stabilize nerve cells and prevent hyperexcitability  Prevent the generation of hyperactive neurons  Prevent abnormal impulses from spreading

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Anticonvulsants: Side Effects Carbamazepine (Tegretol)  Blood dyscrasias Phenytoin (Dilantin)  Gum hyperplasia Diazepam (Valium)  Respiratory depression and drowsiness

Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved Pediatric Considerations Barbiturates require lower dosages Excessive sedation, confusion, lethargy, or decreased movement Paradoxical reactions Valproic acid: do not give with milk Wear a MedicAlert® bracelet

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