The Cold War of the 1950s.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War of the 1950s

Terms/Events Review: Two sides? Two views? Satellite Nation? Containment? Iron Curtain? Berlin Airlift? NATO? Korean War?

Important Events and key players Korean War Vietnam Split in 2 Warsaw Pact Formed U.S. crushes Guatemalan Revolution Soviets crush Hungarian Revolution Sputnik Fidel Castro takes over Cuba

Vietnam Tensions - 1954 Vietnam was a French colony for many years After WW1, Vietnam promised self-determination/independence Didn’t get it (Ho Chi Minh asks U.S. for help) WW2, Japan occupies After WW2, France still holding on War between Vietnamese leaders (now Communist Ho Chi Minh) and France 1954 – Vietnam split into Communist NORTH vs. Pro-western SOUTH Sound familiar?

Warsaw Pact - 1955 In response to NATO Mutual Defense Treaty (headed by Soviet Union military leader) Included: Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria

Guatemalan Coup - 1954 Covert operation carried out by CIA to overthrow Guatemala ruled by U.S. friendly, but very oppressive man Citizens overthrew him and eventually elect Arbenz. Arbenz allowed Communists to practice and gave much of the land reserved for U.S. fruit companies back to peasants. CIA sent agents to overthrow, infiltrate the government, or assassinate Arbenz. U.S. successful, oversaw U.S. friendly regimes until the 90s Some atrocious acts committed against the citizens in the meantime.

Hungarian Revolution - 1956 Started with Students wanting freedom from Soviet Union and its policies Soviet Union eventually crushed the rebellion and continued to control its government

Castro in Cuba - 1959 Communist, Fidel Castro, overthrows military dictator, Fulgencio Batista Went to Mexico to learn guerilla fighting tactics Came back to Cuba with rebels (including Che Guevara – involved in Guatemala too), and most died. Eventually succeeded and became leader of Cuba

Home Life Red Scare Loyalty Review Board Sought to investigate government employees and fire them if they belonged to a “subversive” organization. 212 dismissed, 2900 resigned

HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee Hollywood J.Edgar Hoover suggested publicly outing pro-Communist people and isolating them to reduce influence Hollywood Movie-makers suspected of inserting Red propaganda in their films Blacklist Hollywood executives put 500 film workers/actors on a Communist list Ruined their careers for good since no one would hire them

Spies Spy trials captivated the nation Alger Hiss The Rosenbergs First U.S. citizens to be executed for espionage Similarites to Sacco and Vanzetti?

McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy (Rep. from Wisconsin) Determined to win people over by rooting out Communists Gave false reports all the time McCarthyism = damaging reputations in a Communist witch hunt with no evidence Claimed army full of spies, they denied, he took it to court and television Lost favor because of his senseless badgering Senate condemned him Died 3 years later, a bitter alcoholic

Space Race 1957 – Soviets launch Sputnik 1958 – Americans launch Explorer 1/ NASA established 1959 – both countries do fly-bys by the moon

Arms Race 1952 – U.S. tests first Hydrogen Bomb 1953 – Soviets test H bomb 1954 – U.S. second H Bomb Test – Bikini Atoll 1957 – Soviets launch first ICBM