Mr. Williams 10th Grade U.S. History Red Scare Mr. Williams 10th Grade U.S. History

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? What are Civil Liberties? What are the most important Civil Liberties that are guaranteed to us by the Constitution?

Limits to Free Speech 1917 Espionage Act: punished people for aiding enemy or refusing military duty Sedition Act: illegal to “utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal…or abusive language” criticizing government, flag, or military: more than 1,000 jailed

Schenck v. United States Charles Schenk mailed pamphlets telling draftees to write protest letters Arrested under the Espionage Act S.C. ruled that Schenck created a “Clear and Present Danger”

Emma Goldman Russian-born anarchist Supported labor strikes, women’s rights, and birth control Ordered to be deported as a result of her anti-draft speeches

Bolshevik Revolution In November 1917, Communists led by V.I. Lenin overthrow Russian Monarchy Pulled out of WWI, signed peace treaty with Central Powers

Red Scare Russian Revolution scared Americans Bolsheviks led by Vladimir I. Lenin overthrew Russian Monarchy Series of bombs mailed to leading American Capitalists like J.P. Morgan and Rockefeller

Labor Problems at Home 1919: More than 4 million workers took part in more than 3,000 strikes nationwide During War: War Labor Board established shorter hours and higher wages for men and women

Palmer Raids Led by U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer in Jan. 1920 He and J. Edgar Hoover and arrested over 6,000 thousand people in 33 cities In the end more than 500 deported

Backlash against immigrants Nativists targeted newer arrivals from southern and eastern Europe If they did not want to be “Americanized” they were not wanted

Resurgence of KKK Slogan of 1920: “Native white, Protestant supremacy.” Not only focused on African Americans in the south, now targeted Jews, Catholics, and radicals of all types

Closing the Gate Immigration increased from 110,000 in 1919 to 430,000 in 1920 and 805,000 in 1921 Emergency Quota Act 1921 National Origins Act 1924 Limited immigration from any one country to 3% of the number from that country already in U.S.

Immigration Statistics, 1920-1926 Year Total Entering U.S. Country of Origin Great Britain Eastern Europe* Italy 1920 430,001 38,471 3,913 95,145 1921 805,228 51,142 32,793 222,260 1922 309,556 25,153 12,244 40,319 1923 522,919 45,759 16,082 46,674 1924 706,896 59,490 13,173 56,246 1925 294,314 27,172 1,566 6,203 1926 304,488 25,528 1,596 8,253

Sacco and Vanzetti Nicola Sacco and Bartolommeo Vanzetti arrested for armed robbery and murder Italian immigrants who were proclaimed anarchists

Men were executed in 1927 “My conviction is that I have suffered for things I am guilty of. I am suffering because I am a radical, and indeed I am a radical; I have suffered because I was an Italian, and indeed I am Italian.”