1 NICA Project Report of The Group I S.L.Bogomolov, A.V.Butenko, A.V.Efremov, E.D.Donets, I.N.Meshkov, V.A.Mikhailov, A.O.Sidorin, A.V.Smirnov, Round Table Discussion 6-7 October JINR, Dubna

2 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Contents 1. Introduction: “the basic conditions” 2. Scheme of the NICA 3. Operation Scenario 4. Layout of the accelerator facility 5. The collider ring magnetic system parameters 6. Luminosity 7. Main elements of the Facility 8. Nuclotron: tune shift at injection, electron cooling, upgrade program 9. Estimated Cost, Manpower, Resources 10. Further development 11. Resources & schedule Conclusion

3 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 1. Introduction: “The Boundary Conditions” 1. Minimum of R & D 2. Application of existing experience 3. Co-operation with experienced research centers 4. Cost – as low as possible 5. Realization time – 4 – 5 years

4 2. Scheme of The NICA Nuclotron Collider Stripper 238 U MeV/u Detector ECOOL 180 keV 238 U MeV/u 238 U GeV/u Injector for particles of 238 U 30+ at energy 5 MeV/u NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna

5 3. Acceleration from 5 to 500 MeV/u with electron cooling on plateau at 300 MeV/u; NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 3. Operation Scenario 1.The beam of 238 U 30+ formation in the Injector and injection into Nuclotron. 2.A few injection cycles and RF stacking of ions in the Nuclotron up to the level of ions; cooling time ~ 10 s. 4. Extraction from the Nuclotron and injection into the 1st collider ring, circulation during magnetic field decrease in the Nuclotron. 5. Extraction from the collider ring, stripping on the Stripper Target into 238 U 92+ stage, injection into the Nuclotron. 6. Acceleration up to 2.5 GeV/u. 7. Extraction, injection into the 2d collider ring.

6 3. Operation Scenario (Contnd) 8. Repetition of the steps 1  Extraction, injection into the 1st collider ring. 10. Bunching of both beams and junction. Beginning of detection interaction events. NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna

7 3. Operation Scenario (Contnd) NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Working Cycle of The Facility 1st e-cooling 2d e-cooling 2d injection1st injection acceleration t, sec Circulation in the 2d ring Collision regime E, MeV/u acceleration Collision regime

8 3. Operation Scenario (Contnd) NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Ion Beam Lifetime in Nuclotron At 5 MeV/u in “Helium vacuum”  = (5 ÷ 30)  cm 2  ~ 0.3 ÷ 2 sec at P = Torr

9 4. Layout of the accelerator facility NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna

10 5. The collider ring magnetic system parameters Magnetic rigidity minimum/maximumTm12/48 Circumferencem183 Number of superperiods2 Number of periods in regular sections7 Long straight sections, number x lengthm2x30m Middle straight sections, number x lengthm4x4m NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Number of dipoles / eff. length of dipole24 / 3.0m Number of quadrupoles in regular sections / length of quads 28 / 0.5m Maximum dipole fieldT4  5 Maximum quadrupole gradientT/m+49/-45 Beam crossing angle in IPmrad  15  20

11 Lattice functions in the regular section NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 5. The collider ring magnetic system parameters (Contnd)

12 6. Luminosity Peak Luminosity - 5  cm -2 s -1 Average Luminosity - 2  cm -2 s -1 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Main Collider Parameters N 1 = N 2 =1  n b = 20 l interaction  l IP  l bunch = 50 cm  x  y = 0.7  mm  mrad Beam-beam effect   = 0.004

13 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 6. Luminosity (Contnd) Luminosity vs Crossing Angle 

14 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 6. Luminosity (Contnd) Emittance growth time related to IBS Transverse emittance:   41 sec Long. emittance:   41 sec Luminosity and beam-beam parameter evolution during experiment L(t)  (t)

15 7. Main Elements of the Facility KRION PCC Alvarez 238 U ions/pulse 3.78 keV/u 400 keV/u 5 MeV/u L= 5.5 m, d = 1.2 mL = 25 m, d = 1.6 m Structure of the injector Injector The KRION – key issue of the project NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Parameters: 238 U  10 9 ions/pulse, emittance 1  mm  mrad Pulse duration 8  s at 50 Hz rep. freq. Solenoid of 6 T magn. field SC solenoid of 6 T magn. field is required!

16 7. Main elements of the facility (Contnd) Injector The injector parameters PCCAlvarez Initial energy, keV/u Final energy, keV/u RF frequency Total length, m5.525 Cavity diameter, m NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna

17 7. Main elements of the facility (Contnd) Injector - Polycylindrical Cavity Accelerator (PCC) NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna RF feed- throughs To vacuum pump Gap number123 Length, cm310 Voltage amplitude, MV0.622 The gap efficiency0.811 Capacity, pF RF power, kW Parameters of the PCC Schematics of the PCC accelerator: 1, 2, 3 - /4 cavities, 4 – buncher gap, 5 – current monitors. Experimental results: Protons, 1.5 MeV I beam = 10 mA F = 148 MHz

18 8. Nuclotron: Life Time & Tune Shift at Injection NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna “Lasslett tune shift” at injection For 238 U 30+ at 5 MeV/u and  y /  x = 40/100  mm  mrad, k bunch = 2 The tune shift  Q x /  Q y = 0.2/0.3 Ion Beam Lifetime in Nuclotron At 5 MeV/u in “Helium vacuum”  = (5 ÷ 30)  cm 2  life ~ 0.3 ÷ 2 sec at P = Torr Fast acceleration

19 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 8. Nuclotron (Contnd) Electron cooling Electron energy 180 keV Electron beam current 0.5 A Electron beam diameter 1.4 cm Solenoid magnetic field 2.0 kG Cooling section length 2.0 m Electron temperature, T  200 meV T  1.0 Cooling time ~ 10 s

20 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 8. Nuclotron: electron cooling (Contnd) Recombination with cooling electrons Effect of ion structure LEAR experience: Phys. Lett. B361 (1995)184 Ion  r [10 -8 cm -3  s -1 ] Pb Pb Pb U Au For the cooler parameters listed above  recomb = 25 s

21 NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna 8. Nuclotron: electron cooling (Contnd) Electron cooler for IMP, Lanzhou – designed, constructed and delivered by Budker INP to IMP, Lanzhou V.Parkhomchuk, the team leader

22 1.Vacuum. 6. Geodesy 5. Power supplies 4. Diagnostics 3. Injection and extraction 2. RF system NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna To routine operation ! Upgrade program 8. Nuclotron (Contnd)

23 Co-operation with Budker INP: 1) magnets – mass production 48 magnets ! Common design and manufacturing at BINP and JINR It will speed up project realization Test at Kurchatov Institute & JINR (lack of LHe!) Schedule: 1 magnet/month = 4 years ! Estimate of theSC magnets production based on the manufacturing rate of the Workshop at Budker INP shows NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna SC dipoles for NICA: 4T (2.5 GeV/u)  7T (5 GeV/u) BINP Experience of SC dipoles for BESSY II  up to 10T Co-operation & Manufacturing 9. Estimated cost, manpower, resources (Contnd) Thus, we will need to organize the parallel process of manufacturing! and

24 Co-operation with Budker INP: 2) injection/extraction systems 3) Alvarez (CERN linac) 4) First harmonics RF for Nuclotron 5) E-cooling system for Nuclotron (high precision solenoid) NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Co-operation & Manufacturing 9. Estimated cost, manpower, resources (Contnd)

Further development: a) Booster b) Energy increase c) Polarized beams NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna c) High energy electron cooling   collaboration with FZ Juelich & GSI

Resources & schedule NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Element, workCost, M$ Ion source0.75 Nuclotron upgrade0.75 Electron cooling system1.3 Linear accelerator5.5 Collider rings20.0 Transfer lines1.7 Civil constructions and assembly of the equipment 1.0 Total31.0 Cost

Resources & schedule (Contnd) NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna PhysicistsEngineers and designers Technicians Manpower Number of staff members necessary for accelerator facility design & construction

Resources & schedule (Contnd) NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Schedule Conceptual design report Nuclotron upgrade Ion source development Technical design Fabrication Assembling Commissioning Start of experiments

Resources & schedule (Contnd) NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna One can manage the project realization in “stage by stage” style!

Funding & schedule (Contnd) KRION development    2.Nuclotron upgrade    NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Very first tasks

31 NICA project has a goal to provide JINR with modern and unique experimental facility. NICA Project, I.Meshkov for The Group I Round Table Discussion October 6-7, 2006 JINR, Dubna Conclusion It will be a significant step in development of the “home” experimental base of JINR and will bring the Institute back into position of the leading research centers of the World in the field of high energy physics! Thank you for your attention !