Chapter Fourteen The Territorial Expansion of the United States, 1830s–1850s.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter Fourteen The Territorial Expansion of the United States, 1830s–1850s

14.2: The Politics of Expansion

American Progress, 1872 John Gast

A. Manifest Destiny What are the implications? 1.New markets needed 2.Increase trade w/Asia if we had western ports 3.Democrats a.Expansionist b.Eco. necessity c.Increase slavery 4.Whigs growth through industrialization not agriculture John O. Sullivan

B. Overland Trails 1. Difficult journey 2. Attacks by natives? 3. TRR 1869 ends trails

C. “Oregon Fever” 1.Early on: commercial/fur 2.Convention of 1818 – US/GB share territory 3.Settled by a.Farmers b.Fur trappers c.Missionaries 4.Free land & patriotism

Realities

5. Settling Oregon a.Settlers made constitution to the dismay of the British b.Oregon Treaty settles boundary dispute at the 49 th parallel (1846) under Pres. Polk

D. Americans in Texas! 1.Legal settlement by Amer. (conditional) a. Formal contracts b. Amer. to become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism c. Slavery allowed 2. Pop: more Amer. than Mex.; 3. Mex. Gov’t turns on Amer. a.Outlaws slavery b.Impose taxes 4. Increase anti-Mex sentiments

D. Americans in Texas! 5. Remember the Alamo! a.1835 defeat of Americans in Texas by Santa Anna b.Americans redeem themselves in the spring of 1836 and win over Santa Anna 6. Treaty of Velasco w/Santa Anna = border at Rio Grande; Mex. Congress rejects it

E. Texas and Election of 1844 Whig Henry Clay Democrat James K. Polk

E. Texas and Election of Issues of election a.Expansion b.Slavery c.Statehood for Texas 2.Liberty Party – 3 rd party James Birney

F. Goals of “Young Hickory” 1.Established an independent treasury system 2.Acquire Oregon Country 3.Reduce tariffs 4.Acquire California and New Mexico from Mexico

14.3: The Mexican-American War

A. Origins 1.Border disputes: “I say Rio Grande, you say Nueces!” 2.Polk sets the stage: a.Gen. Rio Grande b.Navy to Ca. ports if war declared c.Supports Bear Flag Revolt = Ca. Ind 3.$30 m offer by Polk to Mex. refused 4.Exaggerated skirmish = war

B. Mr. Polk’s War 1.Not all in Congress on board a.Lincoln/Whigs – “unnecessary war” b.Presidential war powers questioned 2.Although no military experience, Polk controls strategy = “commander in chief” 3.Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Feb. 1848) 4.Gadsden Purchase - $10 m for TRR under Pres. Pierce

Gadsden Purchase

14.3: California and the Gold Rush