Protein synthesis Transcription and translation. fromtoto make up also calledwhich functions toalso called which functions to can be RNA Messenger RNA.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

CH 11.4 & 11.5 “DNA to Polypeptide”.

Advertisements

End Show Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology Protein Synthesis: I will understand the general pathway of transcription and translation.

Understanding Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

10-2: RNA and 10-3: Protein Synthesis

RNA Transcription.

 Assemble the DNA  Follow base pair rules  Blue—Guanine  Red—Cytosine  Purple—Thymine  Green--Adenine.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

Structure and Function of RNA. RNA- ribonucleic acid 1.RNA is a single strand 2.RNA is made up of smaller subunits called nucleotides 3.Nucleotides consist.

The Structure of RNA RiboNucleic Acid

Chapter 12 Notes.

Protein Synthesis (Gene Expression). Review Nucleotide sequence in DNA is used to make proteins that are the key regulators of cell functions. Proteins.

Protein Synthesis The production (synthesis) of polypeptide chains (proteins) Two phases: Transcription & Translation mRNA must be processed before it.

Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA. Transcription of a gene starts from a region of DNA known as the promoter.

VII RNA and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis

Transcription and Translation. What is Transcription? It is a process that produces a complementary strand of RNA by copying a complementary strand of.

RNA Ribonucleic Acid. Structure of RNA  Single stranded  Ribose Sugar  5 carbon sugar  Phosphate group  Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.

RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.

Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein. What are chromosomes? Where are they found? Chromosome Histones DNA double helix.

SC.912.L.16.5 Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

Interest Grabber Information, Please DNA contains the information that a cell needs to carry out all of its functions. In a way, DNA is like the cell’s.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

DNA Transcription & Protein Translation. DNA Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus mRNA travels from nucleus to the.

RNA & Protein Synthesis. RNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell DNA codes.

RNA & Protein Synthesis Ribose RNA. DNARNA StructureDouble Stranded Single Stranded Bases- PurinesAdenine (A) Guanine (G) Bases - Pyrimidines Cytosine.

RNA & Protein Synthesis. RNA and Protein Synthesis Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell DNA codes.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION. TRANSLATING THE GENETIC CODE ■GENES: CODED DNA INSTRUCTIONS THAT CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS WITHIN.

Structure and Function of RNA. RNA- ribonucleic acid  RNA is a single strand  RNA is made up of smaller subunits called nucleotides  Nucleotides consist.

Making of Proteins. DNA Replication DNA molecule produces two new complementary strands. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template for.

Protein Synthesis Traits are determined by proteins (often enzymes) *Protein – 1 or more polypeptide chains *Polypeptide – chain of amino acids linked.

RNA & Protein Synthesis Continued: Translation. Translation: mRNA Protein Translation is taking mRNA and making proteins Sequence of nucleotide bases.

RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESISRNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESISRNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS THE PROCESS OF MAKING PROTEINS MURTAUGH 1B LIVING ENVIRONMENT.

Bell Ringer 1.What is the complementary DNA for the following strand TAC GCA ATG CCT? 2.Where does Protein Synthesis take place (Hint…Unit 3: Cell Organelles)?

From DNA to Proteins DNAmRNAProtein TranscriptionTranslation.

CH 12.3 RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell…

From DNA to Protein. DNA Review Nucleic acid Double helix Two strands of nucleotides Phosphate-sugar backbone Nitrogenous base steps Adenine Guanine Cytosine.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

Objectives Investigate and review the history behind the discovery of the structure of DNA structure Understand the structure of DNA and its importance.

RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Genetics: RNA and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 13 From DNA to Proteins

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

RNA and Protein Synthesis

CH 12.3 RNA & Protein Synthesis.

Translation mRNA  protein.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

12.3 – RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis.

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

DNA: Master Programmer

Interest Grabber Information, Please

RNA Ribonucleic Acid.

Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

5-5 NOTES: TRANSLATION RNA  PROTEIN

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA - TRANSLATION.

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

I will understand the general pathway of transcription and translation

GENE EXPRESSION / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

TRANSLATION and MUTATIONS

Presentation transcript:

Protein synthesis Transcription and translation

fromtoto make up also calledwhich functions toalso called which functions to can be RNA Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA mRNACarry instructions rRNA Combine with proteins tRNA Bring amino acids to ribosome DNARibosomeRibosomes DNARibosomeRibosomes

Transcription RNA DNA RNA polymerase Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only)

mRNA Primary transcript will be edited –Introns are removed –Segments may be deleted or rearranged according to instructions from other regions of DNA Final version of mRNA get a “cap” and “tail” to mark it as complete. Now it can leave the nucleus.

The Genetic Code Groups of 3 DNA nucleotides are called triplets and each represents an amino acid or an instruction to “start” or “stop”. –There are 4 nucleotides, so how many possible combinations of 3 are there? –How does this relate to the number of amino acids? –The code is redundant.

The genetic code When the code is transcribed to mRNA, the groups of 3 nucleotides are called codons. Each codon represents one amino acid or a start (AUG) or stop. –Multiple codons may mean the same thing.

The genetic code

The Genetic Code 1.Find the 1 st base along the left side – look only in that row. 2.Find the 2 nd base along the top – look only in that column. 3.Find the 3 rd base along the right side in the row of the 1 st base.

Translation Messenger RNA Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus. Transfer RNA The mRNA then enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome. Translation begins at AUG, the start codon. Each transfer RNA has an anticodon whose bases are complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. The ribosome positions the start codon to attract its anticodon, which is part of the tRNA that binds methionine. The ribosome also binds the next codon and its anticodon. Ribosome Methionine Phenylalanine tRNA Lysine mRNA

Translation, continued The Polypeptide “Assembly Line” The ribosome joins the two amino acids— methionine and phenylalanine—and breaks the bond between methionine and its tRNA. The tRNA floats away, allowing the ribosome to bind to another tRNA. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, binding new tRNA molecules and amino acids. Ribosome Translation direction Lysine tRNA Ribosome Growing polypeptide chain mRNA Completing the Polypeptide The process continues until the ribosome reaches one of the three stop codons. The result is a growing polypeptide chain.