“Out of Africa” Model Model that modern humans originated in Africa and began migrating to the rest of the world about 100,000 years ago. Model that modern humans originated in Africa and began migrating to the rest of the world about 100,000 years ago.

“Eve” hypothesis - The notion that all living people are closely related and descended from a single African woman “Eve” hypothesis - The notion that all living people are closely related and descended from a single African woman Mansa Musa – Mali emperor who made a pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca, brought wealth to Mali and strengthened Timbuktu Mansa Musa – Mali emperor who made a pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca, brought wealth to Mali and strengthened Timbuktu Patrilineal – Political power passes through the man’s blood line Patrilineal – Political power passes through the man’s blood line Matrilineal - Political power passes through women - a chief would be succeeded by his sister’s son, rather than his own. Matrilineal - Political power passes through women - a chief would be succeeded by his sister’s son, rather than his own.

Great Empires of West Africa GHANA – First known kingdom in W. Sudan. Kings known for wealth from trade (salt, gold). Traded slaves who were usually war captives. GHANA – First known kingdom in W. Sudan. Kings known for wealth from trade (salt, gold). Traded slaves who were usually war captives. MALI – Muslim state, home of Timbuktu, Mansa Musa was wealthy ruler, empire declined after his death. MALI – Muslim state, home of Timbuktu, Mansa Musa was wealthy ruler, empire declined after his death. SONGHAI – Last and largest Sudanese empire. Took over Timbuktu when Mali fell. Empire fell in 1591 and African coast became more interested in trading people than gold. SONGHAI – Last and largest Sudanese empire. Took over Timbuktu when Mali fell. Empire fell in 1591 and African coast became more interested in trading people than gold.

Paleanthropologist - a person who studies ancient humans as found in fossil hominid evidence such as petrified bones and footprints. Paleanthropologist - a person who studies ancient humans as found in fossil hominid evidence such as petrified bones and footprints.

Camels Camels were brought to Africa by Arab traders around 1000 A.D. Camels were brought to Africa by Arab traders around 1000 A.D. Carried people and goods Carried people and goods Withstood hot temperatures and days without water crossing the Sahara. Withstood hot temperatures and days without water crossing the Sahara.