Bellringer: October 21 st 1. What happens to the water if you throw a rock in a pond? 2. What causes sound?

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Presentation transcript:

Bellringer: October 21 st 1. What happens to the water if you throw a rock in a pond? 2. What causes sound?

What is a wave? What do waves do?

WAVES How energy gets from one place to another. (You need energy to start it, and it doesn’t stop until all the energy is transferred)

MECHANICAL WAVES waves that need a medium to move through

What’s a medium? Any kind of matter that’s disturbed by the energy of a wave.

MAGIC SPRINGS! Use the springs to do Mechanical Waves Use the springs to do Mechanical Waves

There are 2 Different Types of Mechanical Waves: 1. Transverse Wave Disturbance runs perpendicular to the wave’s direction Disturbance runs perpendicular to the wave’s direction Looks more like a wave at the beach. Looks more like a wave at the beach.

Transverse Wave Anatomy Resting Point Trough Crest/Peak Wavelength λ Amplitude

2 Different Types of Waves: 2. Longitudinal Waves A.K.A. Compressional Waves A.K.A. Compressional Waves Different names, same wave Different names, same wave Disturbance runs parallel to the wave’s direction Disturbance runs parallel to the wave’s direction Looks more like a Slinky Looks more like a Slinky MUST have a medium to travel MUST have a medium to travel Example: sound waves Example: sound waves

Longitudinal Wave Anatomy Wavelength ( ): One compression and one rarefractionWavelength ( ): One compression and one rarefraction

Sound Wave - Longitudinal Compression RarefactionAmplitudeWAVELENGTH

longitudinal waves… MUST have a medium in which to travel. MUST have a medium in which to travel. Transverse waves – DO NOT need a medium in which to travel, but they can travel through a medium.

Speed(s) of Sound

So, to repeat… Sound travels the fastest through a solid material

Or – as Slinky Science:

Back to the Slinkys! Frequency… Frequency…

Bellringer is on the Whiteboard Date:

When Waves Hit Things Reflection: The wave bounces off the new medium and can change direction

Refraction Refraction: The wave enters a new medium and changes speed This is responsible for “weirdness” when you look at things through water – magnification, warping, etc…

Diffraction Diffraction: The wave bends around corners or edges of a barrier

Frequency of a wave Frequency: the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time. Frequency: the number of waves that pass a point in a given amount of time. Measured in Hertz (Hz) Measured in Hertz (Hz)

How fast do waves move?

Speed of Waves Wave speed is equal to the frequency of the wave times the wavelength. V w = f  λ (units: meters/second, or equivalent) V w = f  λ (units: meters/second, or equivalent) Look at that formula – if V w stays the same. What can you say about f and λ? Look at that formula – if V w stays the same. What can you say about f and λ?

Also – just for reference… Sound travels at 1087 feet per second (about 1/5 mile per second) Sound travels at 1087 feet per second (about 1/5 mile per second) Light travels at 186,000 miles per second Light travels at 186,000 miles per second Take home message: light travels MUCH faster than sound. You see something before you hear it. Example: lightening and thunder

SURFACE WAVES Combine the properties of longitudinal and transverse waves. Combine the properties of longitudinal and transverse waves. They happen at the surface between two mediums (surface of the water, the ground, etc) They happen at the surface between two mediums (surface of the water, the ground, etc) Particles in a surface wave travel in a circular path. Particles in a surface wave travel in a circular path. Seismic (earthquakes) are surface waves Seismic (earthquakes) are surface waves