HARVESTING SOLAR ENERGY FOR HEALTH AND HYGIENE Smita B. Joshi Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar

INDEX Abstract Water scarcity Health aspect Mission of WHO& UNICEF Potential of Solar energy SODIS KEDAR Still - Design & Performance Result &Conclusion

HARVESTING SOLAR ENERGY FOR HEALTH AND HYGIENE Abstract Utilization of solar energy can be done for both direct and indirect applications. Various forms of energy such as wind, ocean temperature difference, living plants and biomass find their origin in solar energy. Winds are essentially the creation of solar energy. Solar energy is the ultimate source of all fossil fuels transformed from original plant life. With increased awareness of the people about health aspects, the quality of water being supplied in both urban and rural area has assumed importance. The model “KEDAR” being designed and developed offers high quality water because of the selection of its material viz. glass and copper. KEDAR offers high efficiency as its conical shape allows the insolation independent of the position of the sun. KEDAR is an environment friendly and economic model that can solve the health problems.

Types of Water Scarcity : Type 1: Absolute Scarcity Type 2: Erratic Rainfall Type C: Soil Disturbance Type D: Population Growth

SAFE DRINKING WATER & BASIC SANITATION WHO : The source should be less than 1 kilometre away from its place of use possible to reliably obtain at least 20 litres per person per day.

UNICEF( United Nations International children’s Emergency Fund ) reported on Wednesday 5 th January 2011, 3.5 million deaths were reported across the globe in a year due to unclean drinking water. “As many as seven persons are killed by this every minute.” In India alone, 1600 persons died every year. Special initiative needed for safe drinking water: -Kalam linking of rivers

Potential of solar Energy India, being a tropical country, receives solar radiations of the order of 1650/2100 Kwh /m 2 per year for nearly days. The intensity of solar radiation depends on the location.

SODIS Solar Water Disinfection:

Solar Water Disinfection: tried by a slums of Nairobi SODIS requires only a source of fresh water, a clear plastic bottle and sunlight. It sounds impossible, but the science behind it is solid. Sunlight contains a great deal of ultraviolet radiation, which disrupts the genetic processes of bacteria reproduction and can destroy the microorganisms cell walls. Ultraviolet radiation also has an ionizing effect on the water itself, creating highly oxidative compounds like hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2) a common household antiseptic. While it may be difficult to believe, all it takes is six hours sunlight to destroy the microbial inhabitants of a bottle of water, making it fit for human consumption.

Impact of SODIS:

Impact Of SODIS

KEDAR -solar still

Working Principle: Solar Radiation containing UV rays (Short Wavelength) 200 to 330nm falls on the surface of the glass cone, penetrates the glass and enters reaches to the pan gets converted into IR Rays (high wavelength). This is change in the form of the energy from light to heat. The IR rays are trapped in glass as they can not penetrate through the glass. The water gets heated by it gets evaporated and condenses in the inner wall of the upper cone. It tricklels through the bottom cone gets collected into the bottle.

Conclusion and remarks: The water obtained is cheaper than bottled water, as there is no running cost. KEDAR model is eco friendly and cheaper than basin type solar still. The quality of water was tested at SICART and the results were very good. There is reasonable agreement between the experimental and predicted theoretical results.

References: Dayal, M. Renewable Energy : Environment and development M. A. S Malik, G. N. Tiwari, A. Kumar and M. S. Sodha, Solar distillation, pergamon press. N. Y H:\\SODIS-Solar Water Disinfection files

Acknowledgement The author wish to give special thanks to Prof. A. R. Jani (Din. Science Stream, Sardar Patel University) Prof. P. N. Gajjar (Head,Gujarat University)

Thank you By : Smita B. Joshi