Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in HS305 Research Methods for Health Sciences Unit 2 HS305 Research Methods for Health Sciences Unit 2 Sridhar Rajappan

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back inAgenda Review of unit 2 paper requirements Review of Internet sources Criteria to assess credibility of articles Preview of coming attractions

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back inProjects UnitProject 2Research Problem section of your research proposal- 75points 3Annotated Bibliography of resources that identify current information about the research problem-75points 4Add the background section to your research proposal- 75points 7Add the research design section to your research proposal-110points 9Finish your proposal with what you hope to find through the research process-125points

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Unit 2 Paper: Begin your Research Proposal Identify a health issue/trend needing more research Provide evidence of trend/issue Identify research problem/question What do you hope to learn? Why is research important?

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Health Problems can Identify Research Needed

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Health Problems can Identify Research Needed

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Health Issue/Trend Evidence must be from credible sources (minimum of 2 sources) Include data if possible Paraphrase information in your own words with citations in the text

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Research Problem/Question Use statement or question Narrow enough to realistically research using scientific method Focus on need for new data

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Importance of Research Idea What do you hope to learn? What will happen if research is not done?

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Requirements for All Papers Be thorough Paraphrase in your own words; do not copy Review project checklist (in assignment directions in unit) before submitting Ask questions if needed! Submit on time! 11

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Writing Requirements Organize your paper well Be clear and concise Check spelling and grammar NEVER plagiarize! Paraphrase! Use APA formatting. Remember you need citations in the body of text after information from a source and references on last page. 12

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Professional Writing Write clear & concise answers Check spelling & grammar Avoid “you” & “we.” Use third person. Organize you paper well Use APA formatted title page, citations & a reference list Analysis is important! 13

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back inAnalysis Provide the current information with citations in the body of the text Analyze information for gaps and new areas for research. No citations used when you present your analysis Explain how new research idea will add to the body of knowledge 14

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Resources in Doc Sharing APA tips files o Constructing an APA compliant paper o APA citation and reference formats Powerpoint: avoiding plagiarism

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Resources: Writing Center 16 TERRIFIC resources!

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Questions? Comments?

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Scientific Research Process Step 2: Search Background AKA “literature review” Identify relevant references o Library articles o Authoritative internet sources (e.g., gov sites) o Data to “illustrate” the problem o Experts o SOURCES MUST BE CREDIBLE Summarize information o Explain origin of problem o Identify possible solutions o Identify need for new info

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Web Resources Government sites, such as CDC and NIH Professional associations journals Famous hospitals, such as Cleveland and Mayo Clinics Some advocacy sites 20

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Internet Sources: Government sites

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Internet Sources: Government sites National Institutes of Health: Center for Disease Control: Nutrition.gov Health.gov MedlinePlus: lineplus.html lineplus.html Local health departments

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Internet Sources: Professional Association Journals/Databases Sources: o Various Associations, e.g. JAMA, American Journal of Public Health o Google scholar: o Medscape: o PubMed: Challenges: Many articles only have abstract Strengths: o Peer Reviewed Journals o Some have tutorials on how to use site

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in How to read an article from a professional journal Abstract References for credibility Conclusion and discussion Read entire article  GREAT videos in the library: o How to find peer reviewed videos in the library: _journals/ _journals/ o How to read an article: ng_an_article/ ng_an_article/

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Internet Sources: Hospitals, Medical Sites Sources: o Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, etc. o WebMD (use MedlinePlus instead of WebMD!) Challenges o May present only part of picture that supports their position o May be oriented to Western Medicine only Strengths o Some are very powerful for influencing public opinion

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Internet Sources: Advocacy Sites Sources: o American Diabetes Association o Health.com o OpenClincal.org Challenges o May present only part of picture that supports their position o May be oriented to Western Medicine only Strengths o Some are very powerful for influencing public opinion

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility What is meant by “credible resource?”

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Credible Sources “Inspiring belief” Merriam Webster Dictionary, webster.com/dictionary/credibilityhttp:// webster.com/dictionary/credibility

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility Assess 1.Who 2.What 3.Where 4.When 5.Why 6.How

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: Who

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: Who Author - expert in the field? Sponsor o Reputable? o National recognition? o Advocacy group? BE WARY! Links re: author and/or sponsor? o Header/footer show affiliation? No author and sponsor unknown or not reliable – DO NOT USE Wikipedia – DO NOT USE

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: What

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: What Is information complete? References listed from reliable sources? Verify accuracy of some of the info

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: Where Internet or library? Article in Professional Peer Reviewed Journal? News media o Primary or secondary sources o Credibility of sources o Documentary?

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Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: When Current issue? Use current (less than 5 years old sources) Relevant background info for history? May use older references HINT: Check in footer for date for internet sources

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: Why Advocacy Group? Assess bias! Research sponsored by a pharmaceutical company to prove the usefulness of a medication? Research sponsored by an advocacy group to prove their point of view? Balanced view presented? Issues in research discussed? Complete picture?

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Background Sources: Assessing Credibility: How Based on scientific research method? Effective journalism?

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back inQuestions? Unit Questions link Phone if an emergency:

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Coming Attractions: Unit 3 Seminar: Review of requirements for unit 3 paper; library web field trip Discussion: Utility of peer reviewed materials versus non-reviewed media Assignment: Annotated Bibliography

Trouble? Can’t type: F11 Can’t hear & speakers okay or can’t see slide? Cntrl R or Go out & come back in Sridhar Rajappan Thanks for Participating! 47