by: Chantal Daigle & Karina Moore

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Presentation transcript:

by: Chantal Daigle & Karina Moore KETONES by: Chantal Daigle & Karina Moore

What is a ketone? Ketones are organic compounds with a carbonyl group attached in the form of: The carbonyl group is at an intermediate position. If both groups attached to the carbonyl group are carbon chains, then the compound is a ketone.

Naming Process There are only a few steps in naming a ketone. Change the ‘-e’ at the end of the parent chain to an ‘-one’ The location of the carbonyl group is indicated by selecting a numbering order that gives it the lowest possible number. EX: 2-pentanone CH3CH2CH2COCH3

Reaction Properties The most common reaction for ketones are nucleophilic addition reactions which is the addition of a nucleophilic and a hydrogen across the carbon-oxygen double bond. With cyanide, nucleophilic addition occur to give a hydroxynitrile: RR'C=O + CN- + H+ → RR'COHCN e.x propanone→ 2-hydroxymethylpropanonitrile

Acetone Simplest ketone Volatile liquid Highly flammable Boiling point: 56-57 °C Melting point: -95--93 °C

Every Day Uses! Propanone (acetone) is the most common ketone, it is found in nail polish removers and varnishes Carvone - spearmint flavou 2-Butanone - paint stripper and solvent

Fructose is a ketone because its carbonyl group is bonded to two carbons not a carbon and a hydrogen, it is a sugar found in many fruits.