From Picturephone to Camera Phones: Someday You’ll be a Star!

Why is aural technology adopting visual elements? Edward Bellamy Edward Bellamy Paul Valery, French Poet Paul Valery, French Poet "Just as water, gas and electricity are brought into our houses from far off, so we shall be supplied with visual or auditory images, which will appear and disappear at the simple movement of the hand." (Lipartito, 2003 ) "Just as water, gas and electricity are brought into our houses from far off, so we shall be supplied with visual or auditory images, which will appear and disappear at the simple movement of the hand." (Lipartito, 2003 )

Visual Communications 1950’s visual communications emerges from traditional home in the arts 1950’s visual communications emerges from traditional home in the arts Visual Rhetoric Visual Rhetoric Visual Pragmatics Visual Pragmatics Visual Semantics Visual Semantics Iterative theory of development of visual telephony Iterative theory of development of visual telephony

Picturephone 1964 World’s Fair NY, DC, Chicago, Pittsburgh 1974 – 453 sets operating in Chicago Infrastructure and Cost deter adoption

Videophone AT&T introduced in Videophone 2500 cost $1, cost dropped to $500-$900 Approximation of real interaction is valuable

Videoconferencing vs. Internet Conferencing Videoconferencing Videoconferencing 1970s = $200, s = $200, s = $100, s = $100, = $10, = $10,000 Utilized by businesses Utilized by businesses Reduces travel Reduces travel Internet Conferencing 1990s = $200 Camera Free software Utilized by businesses and individuals Still chained to our desks

The Mobile World: Visual Communications in Telephony Co-opting aural communication technology for visual communications Co-opting aural communication technology for visual communications Text Messaging (SMS) Text Messaging (SMS) Internet Mail Internet Mail Multimedia Messaging Multimedia Messaging

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References Barnhurst, K. G., M. Vari, and í Rodriguez Mapping visual studies in communication. Journal of Communication 54, (4): , (accessed October 20, 2005). Barnhurst, K. G., M. Vari, and í Rodriguez Mapping visual studies in communication. Journal of Communication 54, (4): , (accessed October 20, 2005). Business Wire “Micron Technology, Inc., Raises the Bar for CMOS Imaging Technology with New High Resolution Sensor Introductions; New 5-Megapixel and 3.1-Megapixel Sensors Provide Superior Image Quality for Mobile Phones and Digital Still Cameras,” Retrieved date Business Wire “Micron Technology, Inc., Raises the Bar for CMOS Imaging Technology with New High Resolution Sensor Introductions; New 5-Megapixel and 3.1-Megapixel Sensors Provide Superior Image Quality for Mobile Phones and Digital Still Cameras,” Retrieved datehttps://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe Lipartito, K Picturephone and the information age: The social meaning of failure. Technology and Culture 44, no. 1 (January 1): 50-81, (accessed November 7, 2005). Lipartito, K Picturephone and the information age: The social meaning of failure. Technology and Culture 44, no. 1 (January 1): 50-81, (accessed November 7, 2005). Sheets, David “Cell phones boost digital photography's image New wireless devices push sales of cameras, tech survey shows.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. August 31, 2005, (accessed October 25, 2005). Sheets, David “Cell phones boost digital photography's image New wireless devices push sales of cameras, tech survey shows.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. August 31, 2005, (accessed October 25, 2005). Dutton, W. H., J. Fulk, and C. Steinfield Utilization of video conferencing. Telecommunications Policy 6, (3) (Sept.): , (accesed October 25, 2005). Dutton, W. H., J. Fulk, and C. Steinfield Utilization of video conferencing. Telecommunications Policy 6, (3) (Sept.): , (accesed October 25, 2005).