HAPPY WEDNESDAY E3 Computer Bellwork: 1.15 minutes for the quiz. 2.Imagine that you are traveling in Madagascar when you find the plant to the right. You see that the plant has an unusually large spur containing nectar in its tip. You remember learning in science class that some moths feed on nectar. On your bellwork page, draw a picture of what you think a moth may look like that feeds on this plant. How might natural selection bring about the evolution of this orchid and the moth?

Collect Today Most Missed Quiz MAKEUP – Genetics Evolution Quiz Mini-Quiz 5 Fingers of Evolution Assigned Page 86 – Notecard ALL PARTS (Friday) Late Family Tree Project– Include Rubric and Punnett Squares (-50 points) Page 86 – Notecard Definitions (-20 points) Page 90 – Fossil Dating (-50%) Page 92 – Virtual Bunny Lab (-50%)

Unit 6 – Evolution Definitions Due Monday (1/11/16) All Parts Due Friday (1/15/16) 1.Adaptation 2.Anatomical Homologies 3.Ancestry 4.Artificial Selection 5.Biodiversity 6.Biogeography 7.Bottleneck Effect 8.Charles Darwin 9.Common Descent 10.Developmental Homologies 11.Disruptive Selection (Graph) 12.Directional Selection (Graph) 13.Evolution 14.Fitness 15.Fossil Record 16.Founder Effect 17.Gene Flow 18.Gene Pool 19.Genetic Drift 20.Genetic Variation 21.Gradualism 22.Homologous Structures 23.Homology 24.Limiting Factor 25.Migration 26.Molecular Homologies 27.Natural Selection 28.Non-Random Mating 29.Overpopulation 30.Recombination 31.Reproductive Success 32.Speciation 33.Stabilizing Selection (Graph) 34.Stasis 35.Theory 36.Vestigial Structure PG 86

Essential Question What are some other forms of evolution in addition to natural selection? Standard B.7C - Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals. B.7E - Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species. PG 93

I. Mechanisms of Evolution

A gene pool is the total number of genes of every individual in an interbreeding population.

Evolution can be defined as a change in the gene pool over time.

Genetic Drift is a random change in the frequency of alleles in a population due to random sampling.

2. There are 5 factors that can affect the frequency of a gene in the gene pool. a. Genetic Mutation b. Natural Selection c. Small Population d. Non-random mating e. Gene Flow

B. Genetic Mutation 1.the source of all new genes in a gene pool and the ultimate source of new traits in a population

C. Natural Selection 1.survival of the fittest 2.advantageous genes are passed on to the next generation while harmful genes are eliminated 3.the driving force of evolution

D. Small Population 1.Bottleneck effect- when a large portion of a population dies causing a significant decrease in the size of the gene pool. 2.Founder effect- when a few individuals from a population leave and start another population in a different location. This also decreases the size of the gene pool in the new population.

E. Non-Random Mating 1.Not all mates are created equal. 2.In many species, mates are not selected at random. Many organisms compete for mating rites. Strong and good-looking organisms are typically favored. 3.This limits the size of the gene pool because only the genes of the mating individuals are passed to the next generation.

F. Gene Flow 1. Gene flow is the movement of genes into or out of a population. a.Emigration- when individuals leave a population decreasing the size of the gene pool. b.Immigration- when individuals from a different population enter a new population and begin breeding. This increases the size of the gene pool.

G. Effects of Gene Pool Size 1.A decrease in the size of a gene pool increases the speed of evolution and visa versa.

2. Gene pools can change in 3 different ways: a. Disruptive selection b. Directional selection c. Stabilizing selection

1. Disruptive selection: individuals on the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve are more fit than organisms in the middle, curve becomes a U-shaped.

2. Directional selection: when organisms at one end of the distribution curve have the highest fitness, shifts the curve in one direction.

3. Stabilizing selection: when individuals in the middle of the distribution curve have the highest fitness, the curve does not move/change.

Essential Question What are some other forms of evolution in addition to natural selection? PG 93 HW MechanismsIllustrate a description using a minimum of 3 colors each picture. Small PopulationFounder EffectBottleneck Effect Non-Random Mating Mutations Gene FlowEmigrationImmigration Natural Selection