Tuesday, February 23, 2016 “Start of the Civil War” Take away all of your prior knowledge of who wins the war…Who do you think has a better chance of winning the Civil War from what we know in our notes thus far? Why? Schedule: * Thought of the Day *Notes pg 21 *Maps, defining terms, time to work, oh my! *What is due tomorrow? Pre-Civil War Research *Quiz on thursday

War Begins -Election of 1860 – Lincoln Wins -Secession of lower states – didn’t support the election results -Confederate States of America A.K.A. Confederacy -Firing on Ft. Sumter loss of a union fort in confederate lands -Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn. -11 States Leave Union SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AR, NC, TN

Modern War -Uses both old and new methods of war -Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations -Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons -increased casualties

Strategy-Union -Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan developed by Winfield Scott (Mex. Amer. War General) -divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports -Blockade all ports along the coast - Control the Mississippi by boat -send a marching army behind First, all ports in the confederacy were to be rigorously blockaded. Second, a strong column of perhaps 80,000 men should use the Mississippi River as a highway to thrust completely through the Confederacy, transported by boats and supported by gunboats. They should advance rapidly, capturing the Confederate positions down the river in sequence. They would be followed by a more traditional army, marching behind them to secure the victories.

WHY IS IT CALLED THE ANACONDA PLAN?

Strategy-Confederacy -defensive battle -Home field advantage -Troops know the lay of the land -European recognition -Calls on England and France for help -uses Cotton as bargaining tool Europe, You better help us! Or you’re getting NO MORE COTTON!

Advantages-Union -most of the population -larger -large advantages in resources -all factories are up north -established government and president -most of the transportation and industry -controlled railroads

Advantages-Confederacy -defending their homes -more passionate about their cause -strong sectional pride -better military tradition and leadership -Generals Lee and Jackson

Government Powers -both sides had to increase central government powers -raise an army -supply armies -finance the war – war isn’t cheap -suppress any opposition -Copperheads – northerners against the union and against war -named after poisonous snake

Raising Armies -Northern Advantage -volunteers at first -drafts begin (Conscription) -riots – people who didn’t want to go to war -bounties paid -substitution possible for $$$ -many volunteers

Supplying Armies -Union Advantages -Industrial Capacity -Transportation Capabilities -Financial Centers Confederate Problems -Foraging the land -Shortages -Homefield advantage leads to destroyed Southern cities

War Politics -War to Preserve Union – Lincoln’s Main Goal -civil rights were restricted -habeas corpus suspended – citizens won’t need to be charged with a crime to be held in prison -Emancipation Debated Needed higher cause -changes the “reason” for war -Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863

Others in the War -African Americans – called upon to serve in the Union army 18,000 AA served Segregated Forces 54 th Massachusetts – All African American Army in North -Women Nursing – made a female dominated career Clara Barton – first female nurse that traveled with the army barton barton massachusetts-infantry/videos#gilder- lehrman-massachussetts-54th

Soldier’s Lives -disillusionment of war -filthy conditions -poor food -bad medical care -prison camps Andersonville: Prison camp in GA during the War held more prisoners at any given time than any of the other Confederate military prisons built in 1864 after Confederate officials decided to move the large number of Federal prisoners in and around Richmond to a place of greater security During the 14 months it existed, more than 45,000 Union soldiers were confined here. Of these, almost 13,000 died from disease, poor sanitation, malnutrition, overcrowding, or exposure to the elements.