Sections 1-2

 Prokaryotes – bacteria, simple cells no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.  Eukaryotes – more complex cells. Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

 a thin membrane that surrounds the cell ◦ A) Membrane Lipids – cell membrane is made of phospholipids, has a polar head and two nonpolar tails ◦ B)Membrane Proteins  1. peripheral proteins – are located on the interior surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane  2. Integral proteins – proteins that are embedded in the bilayer

 contains the cells genetic information and controls its activities

 convert energy in food to energy that can be used by the cell  Site of cellular respiration

 are the place where proteins are assembled

 assembles some parts of the cell membrane, and acts as a transportation system

 Rough ER – The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes and secretes proteins.  In leukocytes the rough ER produces antibodies. In pancreatic cells the rough ER produces insulin.

 Smooth ER – has a wide range of functions including carbohydrate and lipid synthesis  In muscles the smooth ER assists in the contraction of muscle cells, and in brain cells it synthesizes male and female hormones.

 modifies, sorts, and packages materials

 breaks down the unwanted materials

 stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates

 converts sunlight into energy that can be used by the cell  Site of photosynthesis

 support structure that gives the cell its shape