Quoting, Summarizing, and Paraphrasing

From: The Purdue Online Writing Lab Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.

From: The Purdue Online Writing Lab Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. *Dana Lynn Driscoll and Allen Brizee:

Integrating sources When you take information from a source and integrate it into your research paper, it is effective to use quotations, paraphrases, AND summaries If you are unsure about whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize, check out Table 5.1 on page 86 in your Textbook Make sure it is always clear that the information you are using is from another source. This is done by including parenthetical information after a quotation, paraphrase, or summary

Example from Purdue OWL In his famous and influential work The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud argues that dreams are the "royal road to the unconscious" (page #), expressing in coded imagery the dreamer's unfulfilled wishes through a process known as the "dream-work" (page #). According to Freud, actual but unacceptable desires are censored internally and subjected to coding through layers of condensation and displacement before emerging in a kind of rebus puzzle in the dream itself (page #). *Dana Lynn Driscoll and Allen Brizee:

Things to keep in mind When writing a research paper it is important to use direct quotations as infrequently as possible You must have a specific and valid reason for using a direct quotation (i.e. the information you are using cannot be said any better) If you are using a short quotation, make sure that it is incorporated into your sentence i.e. Charles Dickens has been described as an author and “a social outsider who challenged the assumptions of genteel English society” (Thieme 105).

For further information Integrating Sources: Becoming an Active Reader, pages Formatting Quotations: Purdue OWL, Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Purdue OWL,