THE FORD AND CARTER YEARS CHAPTER 32, SECTION 3

QUIZ 1. WHO SUCCEEDED RICHARD NIXON AS PRESIDENT? 2. WHO WON THE 1976 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION? 3. WHAT STATE WAS THE WINNER FROM? 4. THE CAMP DAVID ACCORDS WAS A PEACE TREATY BETWEEN WHAT TWO NATIONS? 5. WHAT NATION WAS TAKEN OVER BY ISLAMIC MILITANTS IN 1979?

IMPORTANT TERMS GERALD R. FORD JIMMY CARTER NATIONAL ENERGY ACT HUMAN RIGHTS CAMP DAVID ACCORDS AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI

“MY FELLOW AMERICANS, OUR LONG NATIONAL NIGHTMARE IS OVER.” GERALD FORD, EXCERPT FROM INAUGURATION SPEECH, AUGUST 9, 1974

MAJOR DATES 1974: NIXON RESIGNS PRESIDENCY GERALD FORD BECOMES PRESIDENT 1975: FALL OF SAIGON / VIETNAM WAR ENDS THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT 1976: JIMMY CARTER ELECTED PRESIDENT 1977: U.S. AGREES TO RETURN PANAMA CANAL 1979: JAN. : IRANIAN REVOLTION; AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI SEIZES POWER MARCH: CAMP DAVID ACCORDS SIGNED THREE-MILE ISLAND ACCIDENT JUNE: S.A.L.T. II DECEMBER: SOVIETS INVADE AFGHANISTAN FEBRUARY, 1980: THE MIRACLE ON ICE

THE FORD YEARS WHAT WAS THE BIGGEST PROBLEM GERALD FORD FACED WHEN HE BECAME PRESIDENT? LACK OF TRUST TOWARDS U.S. GOV’T. BY WHO? THE AMERICAN PUBLIC WHY? VIETNAM WATERGATE THE COUNTERCULTURE ECONOMIC CRISIS (EX.: OPEC OIL EMBARGO) WHAT SPECIFIC ECONOMIC PROBLEMS DID HE FACE? INFLATION (11% IN 1974) HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT (8.5% IN 1975) ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROBLEMS (OIL DEPENDENCY)

GERALD FORD, 38th President of U.S.

GERALD FORD, U.of Michigan Football

THE FORD YEARS OTHER ISSUES: INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS: VIETNAM: NVA / VC WINNING THE WAR CAMBODIA: KHMER ROUGE GENOCIDE (3 MIL. DEAD) THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT THE SOVIETS NIXON’S LEGACY: FORD PARDONS NIXON CAN HE DO THAT? WHY DOES HE DO IT?

THE 1976 ELECTION WHO RUNS? KEY ISSUES: FINAL RESULTS: CARTER WINS REPUBLICANS: GERALD FORD, VP DEMOCRATS: JIMMY CARTER, GOV. OF GEORGIA KEY ISSUES: UNEMPLOYEMNT OTHER ECONOMIC PROBLEMS INFLATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION FINAL RESULTS: CARTER WINS CARTER: 41 MILLION FORD: 40 MILLION

JIMMY CARTER, 39th President of U.S.

CARTER AND THE LATE-70’S CARTER’S BACKGROUND: FORMER GEORGIA GOVERNOR INFORMAL STYLE RELIED ON “OUTSIDERS” FOR ADVICE DID NOT WANT TO LOSE TOUCH W/COMMON AMERICANS CITIZENS DID NOT LIKE TO COMPROMISE OR MAKE DEALS RESULT? CARTER OFTEN ALIENATED HIMSELF FROM CONGRESS, BOTH PARTIES

CARTER AND THE LATE-70’s DOMESTIC ISSUES: THE ENERGY CRISIS: TOO MUCH DEPENDENCE ON IMPORTED OIL RESULT? NATIONAL ENERGY ACT DID WHAT? TAX ON GAS-GUZZLING CARS REMOVED PRICE CONTROLS ON U.S. PRODUCED OIL / NATURAL GAS $ FOR DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CREATED PROBLEM: 1979: MID-EAST VIOLENCE = HIGHER OIL PRICES INFLATION INCREASES: 7% TO 11%

CARTER AND THE LATE-70’s PROBLEM: AMERICANS DON’T BELIEVE CARTER CAN SOLVE U.S. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EXAMPLES: 1980: INFLATION = 14% U.S. STANDARD OF LIVING DECLINES: 1st to 5th PLACE CARTER DELIVERS “CRISIS OF CONFIDENCE” SPEECH PROBLEM: SPEECH ONLY MAKES AMERICANS FEEL WORSE DAMAGES HIS IMAGE 1980: CARTER’S APPROVAL RATING = 26% WORSE APPROVAL RATING THAN NIXON IN 1974!

THE PANAMA CANAL

Panama Canal Lock System

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS: 1979: U.S. – PANAMA AGREE ON PANAMA CANAL TREATY U.S. WOULD RETURN CONTROL OF CANAL TO PANAMA IN 1999 WHY? GOOD / BAD IDEA? 1979: S.A.L.T. II AGREEMENT WHO? U.S. – SOVIETS DID WHAT? LIMITED # OF WEAPONS EITHER SIDE COULD PRODUCE PROBLEM: SENATE OPPOSED TREATY SOVIETS INVADE AFGAHANISTAN TREATY DIES 1979: SOVIETS INVADE AFGHANISTAN U.S. RESPONSE: U.S. BEGINS GIVING AID TO AFGHAN REBELS, CALLED MUJAHEDEEN MUJAHEDEEN HAVE VOLUNTEERS FROM ALL OVER MUSLIM WORLD, INCLUDING ARABS FIRST COMBAT EXPERIENCE FOR OSAMA BIN-LADEN AND “AL-QUEDA”

AFGHANISTAN AND SURROUNDING REGIONS

SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN, 1979

Osama bin-Laden Mujahedeen with “Stinger” missile

AFGHAN “MUJAHEDEEN”