September 30—List the long-term, short-term, and immediate causes of the March Revolution.

Compare and contrast Marx and Lenin.

Marxism Leninism  Country must be industrialized  History is a series of struggles between bourgeoisie and proletariat  First step is a violent revolution of a proletariat followed by a dictatorship of the proletariat that redistributes land and wealth.  When there are no more classes, the government is disbanded.  Country is agricultural  Struggle is between the peasants and landowners  Intelligentsia (educated people) are going to unite peasants and lead them in a violent revolution  Dictatorship of Intelligentsia begins industrialization and redistributes land and wealth  When there are no more classes, the government is disbanded.

Effects of WWI in Europe

Lecture Outline  Effects of WWI  The Great Depression in Europe  Democratic States After the War

Effects of the Treaty Versailles  In April 1921, the Allied Reparations Commission determined that Germany owed 132 billion German marks or $ 33 billion for reparations.  In 1922, Germany announced it could not pay any more reparations

German Inflation  In the spring of 1921 $1 = 65 German marks  In November 1923 $1 = 4.2 trillion German marks

Effects of the Versailles Treaty  France was outraged and occupied the Ruhr Valley, Germany’s chief industrial and mining center. France planned to collect reparations by operating the Ruhr mines and factories.

Effects of French Occupation  German workers went on strike, and the government paid their salaries by printing more money  This only added to the inflation that had already begun in Germany by the end of the war.  In 1914, 4.2 German marks = $1. By November trillion marks =$1.

League of Nations  The League of Nations was weak because the U.S. did not join  They also could not agree to use force against nations that violated international law  Germany joined in 1926

What 2 factors led to the Great Depression in Europe?  A series of downturns in the economies of individual nations in the second half of the 1920s  The crash of the U.S. stock market. Much of European prosperity between 1924 and 1929 was built on U.S. bank loans to Germany. Germany needed the U.S. loans to pay reparations to France and Great Britain.

Effects of the Great Depression  Banks failed, industrial production declined, and unemployment rose.  During 1932, 6 million or 40% of the German labor force was unemployed.  Governments tried the traditional solution of cutting costs by lowering wages and raising protective tariffs but that only made it worse.

Effects (con)  Increased government involvement in the economy  Renewed interest in Marxist doctrines  It led to masses of people to follow political leaders who offered simple solutions in return for dictatorial power

UN p  Margaret Sanger  Prohibition  Ku Klux Klan  John T. Scopes  Herbert Hoover