Topic :Intro to Organic Chemistry – hydrocarbons Do Now: read – amazing carbon

Organic chemistry = carbon compounds (except oxides, carbides (C + element that is less electronegative), & carbonates)

Bonding Capacity H can form only 1 bond The halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) form only 1 bond O and S like to form 2 bonds N and P form 3 bonds C form 4 bonds

Why so many C compounds? Carbon atoms can bond with other carbon atoms in chains, rings, and networks covalentBonds are covalent

Lewis Diagram of C C Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons so it can form 4 covalent bonds

We will be looking at 3 Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons (all are covalent molecules) Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons: organic compounds containing only C and H Homologous series = group of compounds with related structures & properties –molecules have fixed, numerical relationship among # of atoms See table Q

Alkanes Homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons Release energy when burned C n H 2n+2 – all have this general formula Saturated hydrocarbons S Saturated hydrocarbons: organic compounds containing only Single bonds – can’t add any more Hydrogens

Alkenes unsaturated hydrocarbonshomologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons (can add more H by breaking the bond) oneEach member contains at least one double covalent bond between C atoms General formula = C n H 2n

Alkynes Homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons Each member contains at least one C≡C bond General formula = C n H 2n-2

molecular Properties of Covalent Substances (also called molecular substances) Low melting points, low boiling points Poor conductors of heat & electricity May be soft or brittle Generally nonpolar –van der Waals forces Tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents React more slowly than ionic compounds