 Plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism  Structure = the parts (example Heart)  Function = how it works (example heart receives and sends blood to the body)

 Almost all plants are multicellular, autotrophic, and eukaryotes that have a cell wall around their cells.  Multicellular = many cells  Autotrophic = produces own food (glucose)  Eukaryotes = cells have a nucleus  Cell wall helps the plant stand rigid ( sort of like bones for animals)

 Shoot System  Above ground  Produces food (glucose)  Stem, leafs, buds  Root System  Below ground  Absorbs water and nutrients, anchors plant into soil  Roots

 Plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually  Sexual Reproduction consists of the sperm (pollen) fertilizing the egg. A fertilized egg is called a zygote.  Asexual Reproduction is without sperm and egg but rather by vegetative reproduction. Part of the parent plant breaks off developing into a whole new plant.

Nonvascular PlantsVascular Plants Do not have true vascular tissue for support or transport True vascular tissue for support and transport of materials Grow in damp, shady places because they don’t have roots to absorb water from the ground rather absorb water from their surroundings. Can grow in dry places. Vascular tissue provides more strength, stability and support for the plant. Pass materials from cell to cellMoves materials through vascular tissue called xylem and phloem Usually only grows close to the groundCan grow every tall Examples are mosses and liverwortsSeedless plants like ferns, Gymnosperms like pine trees, and angiosperms like plants with flowers

 Plants have two stages of life-  Sporophyte – plant produces spores that can grow into new organism. It grows into the next stage of life.  Gametophyte – plant produces gametes (sperm and egg). Some plants produce both on the same plant like the pea plant.

 Terms  Anatomy- the structure  Physiology – the function  Vertebrate- backbone  Invertebrate – No backbone  Homeostasis – stable internal conditions

 Obtaining Food and oxygen (O2)  Keeping Conditions Stable  Movement  Reproduction