sorry for not being able to attend!

2 The NHXM consortium Hardware team Denmark: National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark Finland: University of Helsinki Germany: Tübingen University Italy: Various INAF institutes, INFN-Pisa, Universita ’ di Roma3, Politecnico di Milano Poland: N.Copernicus Astronomical Center, Space Research Center Spain: University of Valencia, University of Alicante, IFCA, INTA UK: University of Leicester USA: SAO-CfA & MSFC + Yale, PSU, GSFC, OSU, JHU … A strong international scientific support from various countries, institutes and scientists

New Hard X-ray Mission main features 3 Single satellite with extendable bench o Four high quality (XMM-like) mirrors with multilayer coatings sensitive in the band (120) keV o Three Telescope Modules dedicated to broad band imaging & spectroscopy o One telescope Module dedicated to imaging polarimetry (2-35 keV) o A Wide Field X-ray monitor (2-50 keV) o LEO (equatorial)  low internal background

Mission Configuration 4

NHXM: Core scientific objectives Black hole cosmic evolution and accretion physics Acceleration mechanisms and non-thermal emission - resolve at least 60-70% of the CXB in the energy range where it peaks ( keV) - constrain the physics of the accretion flow onto both SMBH and solar mass BH - solve the puzzle on the origin of the hard X–ray emission from the Galactic centre -constrain acceleration processes in relativistic Jets of blazars and GRB -measure the maximum energy of electron acceleration in supernova remnants shocks -Shock development and cosmic ray production in SNR and intra-cluster medium Physics of matter under extreme conditions -Behaviour of matter in extreme gravitational and magnetic fields -Emission line profiles, continuum shape and polarization properties used to estimate BH spin -Polarization measurements & Broad cyclotron resonance in high magnetic field X-ray pulsars to study the transfer of radiation and determine field geometry

unobscured obscured C-thin obscured C-thick ROSAT XMM-Newton Chandra NHXM Compton thick AGNs and the X-ray cosmic background

NHXM NuStar Astro-H 20-40keV NHXM NuStar Astro-H 20-40keV keV Chandra/XMM 2-10 keV Chandra/XMM Gilli et al. Treister et al.

The Galactic Centre

Acceleration mechanisms Jet emission is due to both synchrotron and IC, both BB components and strongly polarized. Therefore, multi-band (IR,O,X-ray) spectroscopy and polarimetry can probe – jet structure – nature of jet seed photons – jet power

X-ray Polarimetry with imaging capabilities The possibility to associate to the polarimetric sensitivity also an imaging capability is of paramount importance in the case of extended sources investigation, like e.g. the SN remnants and the GC region. 10

Missing SMBH Geometry of the torus: the polarization angle will give us the orientation of the torus, to be compared with IR results, and with the ionization cones

Polarimetric sensitivity Soft X-ray channel Hard X-ray channel Two polarimetric channels (2 – 10 keV and 10 – 35 keV) for an effective diagnostic of the emission mechanisms Cross correlation with the spectroscopy data between 2 and 36 keV! 12

NHXM: top-level scientific requirements

Baseline and goal mirrors effective area 10% spider vignetting

Flux Sensitivity (1 Ms) 15

Hard X-ray Imaging capability 16 2-Ms keV simulations of a 10’ region of the CDFS HEW=15” HEW=45” Two input source catalogs have been used: 1) sources detected by Chandra in the 2-10 keV band (Luo et al. 2008, ApJS, 179,19); 2) the candidate highly obscured AGN selected in the mid-infrared by Fiore et al. (2008, ApJ, 672, 94).

Key parameters of future hard X-ray missions 17

1 keV40 keV EM3: optics Panter/MPE

Panter measurements of EM1, EM2 & EM3 EM1 EM2 HEW Effective Area

NHXM Focal Planes 20 3 mirror modules with a hybrid focal plane CCD, CdTe array, anticoincidence system (NaI or CsI) one mirror module with a photoelectric imaging polarimeter

21 Two independent and compact detector modules

NHXM: Low Energy detector 22 E2v CCD Back-illuminated with high low QE 120 µm depletion (150 goal)

NHXM: High Energy detector 23

NHXM: High Energy detector 24

NHXM: High Energy detector 25

Summary The discovery space of the NHXM mission is extremely wide; also thanks to the addition of simultaneous imaging polarimetry and wide field X-ray monitor. This is achievable by the small/medium-size NHXM project, exploiting already available technology in mirror and detector manufacturing, well within the next decade. NHXM is a big step forward following on the hard X-ray focusing missions NUSTAR and ASTRO-H and on the polarimetric GEMS mission. NHXM will also be a good precursor for IXO, testing various technologies that are foreseen on a much larger scale for IXO. All technologies have old and strong roots, building up on the BeppoSAX, XMM, INTEGRAL, AGILE & Swift heritage and on the recent technological advance made for the mirrors, polarimeter, detectors and truss. The NHXM proposal submitted to ESA was based on 50% of the M3 budget with a launch in the time frame A strong international team has been formed. 26

NHXG (NEW HARD X-RAY GRAVITAS) 27 1 single module = 1 NHXM + 1 GRAVITAS units (nested together) MASS (1 MODULE)≈ 200 kg 6 mirror modules