Propulsive Drag Propulsive Lift F DRAG always opposite to segment direction F DRAG is propulsive when hand/foot moves backward in water F DRAG on hand/foot.

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Presentation transcript:

Propulsive Drag Propulsive Lift F DRAG always opposite to segment direction F DRAG is propulsive when hand/foot moves backward in water F DRAG on hand/foot provides handle/wall FIG 14.9 page 467 F LIFT always  to segment direction hand shaped like wing moves laterally in water F LIFT pushes forward on palm FIGs 14.10,14.11,14.12

pg 467 FIG 14.9 F DRAG on hand opposes the direction of pull

Page 468 FIG Blading/Sculling Hand to generate F LIFT

page 469 FIG F LIFT on Hand using  of ATTACK

page 470 FIG F LIFT on hand in  direction (forward) due to lateral motion of the hand (sculling action) F DRAG on hand in  direction (forward) due to backward motion of the hand

“HANDLE” for Propulsion  F DRAG retards hand/foot moving backward   hand has a “handle” foot has a “wall” to work against   shoulder and hip muscles move body more forward than hand/foot move backwards  “Slipping Handle” involves use of Drag only  “Stable/Fixed Handle” uses both Drag and Lift  FIG on page 471 & FIG on pg 473

[b] “SLIPPING” HANDLE pg 471 FIG [a] “FIXED” HANDLE

Pg 473 FIG ARMS pg 478 FIG LEGS

Propulsion from Legs/Trunk  Flutter kick less for forward thrust, more for upward thrust to reduce profile drag  Propeller-like action of whip kick provides lift  Knee/Hip extensions provide drag [stable handle]  see FIG on page 478  Dolphin Kick trunk wave = LIFT + DRAG  FIG on page 480 & FIG page 482

pg 480 FIG pg 482 FIG 14.22

SWIMMING SPEED SWIMMING velocity = SL x SF stroke length x stroke frequency SL is most significant factor  SL via  Technique and  Strength SL affected by the degree of “slipping”  F LIFT + F DRAG acting on hand/arm/leg/foot results in  slippage   SL

Swimming Efficiency competitive swimmers need optimal efficiency Efficiency is the ratio of the propulsive force generated to the energy expended in achieving the force skilled swimmers have greater SL due to effective use of Lift along with propulsive Drag skilled swimmers have less profile drag slow swimming and fast swimming is less efficient than moderate paced swimming