FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

Mercantilism Colonists smuggled goods because they felt England was taxing them unfairly. The English felt taxing was fair because profit was the major incentive for colonizing America. Mercantilism: a nation’s power was directly related to its wealth Balance of Trade: a goal of mercantilism; the colonists could supply raw materials to England and could buy English goods

The French and Indian War French and Indian War (1754–1763) became part of a larger war between France and Britain, the Seven Years’ War. War broke out in the colonies first, then spread to the European continent. The Iroquois League Alliance of Native Americans that was allied with Britain: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora The Alliance had a constitution and a council of leaders. Most northeastern Native Americans allied with the French.

The French and Indian War French built Fort Duquesne in Ohio River Valley, present-day Pittsburgh. British wanted to build a settlement there. In 1754 an unsuccessful attempt by the British militia (led by George Washington) to take the land from the French was the first skirmish of the French and Indian War.

The Albany Plan Proposed by Benjamin Franklin Each colony would keep its own constitution, while grand council would deal with military issues, Native American relations, and western settlement. Was never approved First attempt to unite the colonies

The war continues The first years of the war went badly for the British. The French won battle after battle. British officers in America – –Forced colonists into the army – –Seized supplies – –Sent soldiers to stay in colonists’ houses When colonists resisted these actions, more British soldiers were sent from England to fight in the war. In 1758, the British began winning the war. When the British took Quebec in 1759, it was the turning point in the war. France surrendered in 1760.

The peace treaty 1763—Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years’ War in Europe and the French and Indian War in North America. Britain gained all French land east of the Mississippi River, including much of what is now Canada. Spain had allied with France. It gave up control of Florida to Britain. France gave Spain the Louisiana Territory. France kept two islands near Canada and regained some Caribbean islands.

Effects of the War Ironworkers, shipbuilders, and farmers profited by supplying the army. Carolinian and Georgian slave owners benefited from the acquisition of Florida because runaway slaves could no longer seek haven there. The war forced colonists to work together. British officials thought the colonists should pay some of the war expenses. George Grenville, the British prime minister in 1760, had strict policies that alienated the colonists more.

Effects of the War Proclamation of 1763 Reserved the land west of the Appalachian Mountains for Native Americans Gave British officials control of westward migration Slowed movement out of cities that were centers of trade and prosperity Effects on Native Americans Weakened by war British felt the Iroquois did not fully support them and no longer felt friendly toward them. Proclamation of 1763 took native lands. Settlers often ignored the Proclamation.