COLD WAR AGE OF SUSPICION

COMMUNISM COMMUNISM NOT POPULAR IN UNITED STATES NOT POPULAR IN UNITED STATES STALIN PURGES STALIN PURGES ALLIED WITH RUSSIA WWII ALLIED WITH RUSSIA WWII

AGE OF SUSPICION AFTER WWII MEMBERSHIP DROPPED AFTER WWII MEMBERSHIP DROPPED LOYALITY QUESTIONED LOYALITY QUESTIONED LOYALITY REVIEW BOARD LOYALITY REVIEW BOARD

AGE OF SUSPICION 12,000 FIRED, 5,000 QUIT 12,000 FIRED, 5,000 QUIT

AGE OF SUSPICION HUAC HUAC t&x=wrt

AGE OF SUSPICION HOUSE COMMITTEE ON UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON UN- AMERICAN ACTIVITES CONCENTRATED ON HOLLYWOOD CONCENTRATED ON HOLLYWOOD

AGE OF SUSPICION HOLLYWOOD 10 HOLLYWOOD 10

AGE OF SUSPICION Question asked: Question asked: “are you now or ever been a member of the communist party or fellow traveler” “are you now or ever been a member of the communist party or fellow traveler”

AGE OF SUSPICION Fellow traveler = sympathetic but to communism but not a party member Fellow traveler = sympathetic but to communism but not a party member Some refused to answer other accused colleagues or fellow writers or actors of Communists Some refused to answer other accused colleagues or fellow writers or actors of Communists

AGE OF SUSPICION Some refused to answer Some refused to answer Studios took this as an admission of guilt Studios took this as an admission of guilt Careers were ruined Careers were ruined

AGE OF SUSPICION 1948 Alger Hiss Spy Trial 1948 Alger Hiss Spy Trial Alger Hiss

AGE OF SUSPICION Whitaker Chambers accused Hiss of spying for Russia in 1937 Whitaker Chambers

AGE OF SUSPICION Statue of limitations had run out on spying charges Statue of limitations had run out on spying charges Convicted Hiss of perjury Convicted Hiss of perjury Perjury= The deliberate, willful giving of false, misleading, or incomplete testimony under oath. Perjury= The deliberate, willful giving of false, misleading, or incomplete testimony under oath.

AGE OF SUSPICION Led to the suspicion of Communist in government Led to the suspicion of Communist in government Future president Richard Nixon a 1 st year Congressman Future president Richard Nixon a 1 st year Congressman

AGE OF SUSPICION Led the hearing in HUAC against Hiss Led the hearing in HUAC against Hiss

AGE OF SUSPICION Rosenberg Trial Rosenberg Trial 1949 Russia test A-bomb 1949 Russia test A-bomb Years before U.S. thought possible Years before U.S. thought possible

AGE OF SUSPICION 1950 Klaus Fuchs confessed to spying and giving nuclear secrets to Russians 1950 Klaus Fuchs confessed to spying and giving nuclear secrets to Russians

AGE OF SUSPICION Implicated Julius and Ethel Rosenberg tos/rosenbergs140.jpg

AGE OF SUSPICION 1951 Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were tried convicted sentenced and executed for spying 1951 Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were tried convicted sentenced and executed for spying First civilians executed for espionage in United States First civilians executed for espionage in United States

AGE OF SUSPICION Executed at Sing Sing prison Executed at Sing Sing prison

AGE OF SUSPICION McCarthyism McCarthyism Senator Joe McCarthy Senator Joe McCarthy

AGE OF SUSPICION Undistinguished Senator from Wisconsin Undistinguished Senator from Wisconsin

AGE OF SUSPICION Speech in West Virginia Speech in West Virginia “in my hand I have a list of 205 Communists in the State Department” “in my hand I have a list of 205 Communists in the State Department” No proof No proof

AGE OF SUSPICION Blamed victory on Mao in China Communists involvement in State Department Blamed victory on Mao in China Communists involvement in State Department

AGE OF SUSPICION Hearings went on for 4 years Hearings went on for 4 years Accused Russia running State Department Accused Russia running State Department McCarran – Walker Act McCarran – Walker Act Lifted Japanese internment but banned Communist from immigrating to U.S. Lifted Japanese internment but banned Communist from immigrating to U.S.

AGE OF SUSPICION President Eisenhower did not agree but did not speak out against President Eisenhower did not agree but did not speak out against “was not going to get in the gutter with that guy” “was not going to get in the gutter with that guy”

AGE OF SUSPICION Ruin careers of many in State department Ruin careers of many in State department

AGE OF SUSPICION END OF MCCARTHYISM Took on army and accused George Marshall McCarthy aides was drafted not promoted Claimed army was “Communist”

AGE OF SUSPICION

Army-McCarthy hearings Army-McCarthy hearings

AGE OF SUSPICION Televised hearings Televised hearings

AGE OF SUSPICION Nation saw McCarthy as a “bully” Nation saw McCarthy as a “bully”

AGE OF SUSPICION Senate censored McCarthy Senate censored McCarthy “for Tending to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute” “for Tending to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute”

AGE OF SUSPICION Career over Career over He died three years later from Alcoholism and died a broken man He died three years later from Alcoholism and died a broken man

Loyalty oath Loyalty oath

Hollywood 10 Hollywood 10

Fellow Traveler Fellow Traveler

Alger Hiss Alger Hiss

Rosenbergs Rosenbergs

McCarthyism McCarthyism