Differences in Culture Chapter 3 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Mazda ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Culture  “A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living.” Hofstede, Namenwirth and Weber ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Norms and Values  Values: Abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right and desirable. OR Shared assumptions about how things ought to be.  Norms: social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. 3-3 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Folkways and Mores  Folkways: Routine conventions of everyday life.  Little moral significance.  Generally, social conventions such as dress codes, social manners, and neighborly behavior.  Mores: Norms central to the functioning of society and its social life.  Greater significance than folkways.  Violation can bring serious retribution. Theft, adultery, incest and cannibalism. 3-4 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

World’s Religions 3-5 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Map

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Map

©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Map

Caste and Class 3-9 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Power Distance Index 3-10 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999 Table 3.1 in text

Individualism Index 3-11 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999 Table 3.1 in text

Uncertainty Avoidance Index 3-12 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999 Table 3.1 in text

Masculinity Index 3-13 ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Table 3.1 in text

Hofstede - Caution!  Assumes one-to-one relationship between culture and the nation-state.  The research may have been culturally bound.  Survey respondents were from a single industry (computer) and a single company (IBM). ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Cultural Change  Culture is not a constant; it evolves over time.  USA in the 1960s as the American values toward the role of women changed.  Japan, today, as it moves toward greater individualism in the workplace. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,