Mrs. Troy Mrs. Cote

 There are three main genres in which all literature is written:  Poetry  Prose  Drama

Poetry is written in lines and stanzas. If I can stop one Heart from breaking I shall not live in vain If I can ease one Life the Aching Or cool one Pain Emily Dickinson

 Prose is written in sentences and paragraphs. He smiled back and said, “Yeah, that’s me.” His brown face blushed. Why hadn’t he said, “Hi, Teresa,” or “How was your summer?” or something nice?

 Drama is written in dialogue and stage directions.  Scrooge: Cratchit! (As soon as Scrooge shouts, the girl and the carolers vanish, and Cratchit begins to close up the shop.)  Cratchit: Yes, sir.  Scrooge: Well, to work then!  Cratchit: It’s evening, sir.  Scrooge: Is it?  Cratchit: Christmas Eve, sir.  Scrooge: Oh, you’ll want all day tomorrow, off, I suppose.  Cratchit: If it’s quite convenient, sir.

 Fiction is writing about imaginary characters or events; it is a story that is not real, one that is made up.

 Non-fiction is writing that is true. It involves real-life stories about real people.

 Characters are people or animals that play a role in a story.

 Plot is what happens in the story; it is the action, and always contains some kind of conflict.

 Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces. There are two main types of conflict:  Internal conflict takes place in the character’s mind.  External conflict involves forces outside the character’s control.

 Setting is the time period and the place where the story occurs.

 A brief piece of literary fiction  Contains all of the story elements:  Characters  Plot  Conflict  Setting  Theme

 A novel is a longer piece of literary fiction  It also contains all of the elements of fiction:  Characters  Plot  Conflict  Setting  Theme

 Theme is the central message the author is sending the reader. It can be a truth about life or a lesson.  Families come in all shapes and sizes  It takes courage to speak up for yourself

 A comparison of two unlike objects using like or as  “The bus bounced along like an empty cracker box on wheels.” E.L. Kingsbury  “His nostrils flared; he was breathing like a picadored bull.” Jerry Spinelli

 A direct comparison that renames something in a fresh, new way. A metaphor uses linking verbs, not like or as  “Her nose was a round, soft blob.” Madeleine L’Engle  “Amanda took the torn page from Maniac. To her, it was the broken wing of a bird, a pet out in the rain.” Jerry Spinelli

 Giving a non-human thing human characteristics  “The sheriff’s rifle belched flame just before the whack of the exploding bullet.” William H. Armstrong  “The furnace purred like a great, sleepy animal.” Madeleine L’Engle

 An expression not meant to be taken literally.  “Then Mr. Popper told how Greta had arrived to keep Captain Cook from being lonely, and how the little penguins had grown, and how the clever little band had saved the day for the Poppers when things looked bad.” Richard and Florence Atwater