Top Presidential Rankings 1. Lincoln 2. JFK 3. Franklin D. Roosevelt

The President’s Job Description Formal Qualifications:  “natural born Citizen” of U.S. (jus sanguinis controversy)  35 years of age  14 years residency in U.S. (altogether) Qualifications, Specifications, and Roles found in Article II of the Constitution

“Natural-Born Citizen” Fair? Or Unfair? Should immigrants be allowed to become president? Fair? Or Unfair? Should immigrants be allowed to become president?

Which Amendment limited the President to two terms and why? 22 nd Amendment (1951): “No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice….” 22 nd Amendment (1951): “No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice….” Maximum of two full terms or 10 years Maximum of two full terms or 10 years How could this happen? How could this happen? Two-Term limit: is it arbitrary and undemocratic? Two-Term limit: is it arbitrary and undemocratic?

Pay and Benefits Congress determines salary Congress determines salary It can not be changed during a term It can not be changed during a term $400,000 per year set in 1999, became effective January 20, $400,000 per year set in 1999, became effective January 20, Also provided with a $50,000-a-year expense allowance Also provided with a $50,000-a-year expense allowance Plus fringe benefits: White House, staff, cars, planes, Camp David, healthcare Plus fringe benefits: White House, staff, cars, planes, Camp David, healthcare

The President’s Roles Six formal roles come directly from the Constitution Six formal roles come directly from the Constitution Other roles have been assumed by Presidents throughout history Other roles have been assumed by Presidents throughout history

1. Chief of State Ceremonial head of government Ceremonial head of government Symbol of the nation’s ideals, principles, traditions Symbol of the nation’s ideals, principles, traditions

2. Chief Executive f

Executive Orders and Actions Executive Orders are more powerful and effective; have the force of law Executive Orders are more powerful and effective; have the force of law Executive Actions carry minimal weight. Their power varies and can be overturned by legislations or court rulings. Executive Actions carry minimal weight. Their power varies and can be overturned by legislations or court rulings. cs/2016/01/03/christie-bush- take-aim-at-obamas-plan-to-use- executive-powers-to-tighten- gun-control-laws.html

3. Chief Administrator Appointment and Removal Power Appointment and Removal Power Rule of Senatorial Courtesy – Senate will only approve appointees acceptable to Senators of Prez’s party from that state Rule of Senatorial Courtesy – Senate will only approve appointees acceptable to Senators of Prez’s party from that state The Cabinet, White House Staff, federal judges, ambassadors, armed forces The Cabinet, White House Staff, federal judges, ambassadors, armed forces Director of Executive Branch/federal bureaucracy Director of Executive Branch/federal bureaucracy Over 2.7 million civilians; more than $2 trillion/year Over 2.7 million civilians; more than $2 trillion/year Crisis Manager Crisis Manager

4. Chief Diplomat Chief architect of American foreign policy Chief architect of American foreign policy Appoints ambassadors Appoints ambassadors Negotiates Treaties (with 2/3 Senate approval) Negotiates Treaties (with 2/3 Senate approval) Power of Recognition Power of Recognition

Commander in Chief Final responsibility and authority for Armed Forces Final responsibility and authority for Armed Forces Delegates authority to Sec. Defense and Joint Chiefs Delegates authority to Sec. Defense and Joint Chiefs Over 1 million troops subject to the President’s direct control Over 1 million troops subject to the President’s direct control

Making Undeclared War QUESTION: Does the Constitution give the President the power to make war without a declaration of war by Congress? QUESTION: Does the Constitution give the President the power to make war without a declaration of war by Congress? Congress has not declared war since WWII, despite numerous “wars”: Congress has not declared war since WWII, despite numerous “wars”: Examples: N. Korea and Vietnam Examples: N. Korea and Vietnam Recent examples: Afghanistan and Iraq Recent examples: Afghanistan and Iraq Congress passed 8 joint resolutions since WWII to authorize President to use force Congress passed 8 joint resolutions since WWII to authorize President to use force

The War Powers Resolution (1973) A result of growing frustration over Vietnam A result of growing frustration over Vietnam Provisions: Provisions: 1) Within 48 hours after sending American forces abroad, President must report to Congress with details 1) Within 48 hours after sending American forces abroad, President must report to Congress with details 2) Combat commitment must end within 60 days, unless Congress agrees to a longer period 3) Congress may end combat by passing a resolution to that effect Not yet tested President Obama and Libya (2011)

6. Chief Legislator Main architect of public policies Main architect of public policies Often shapes the congressional agenda Often shapes the congressional agenda Initiates, suggest, or pressures Congress to enact much major legislation Initiates, suggest, or pressures Congress to enact much major legislation Veto, Pocket Veto, and Line- Item Veto Power Veto, Pocket Veto, and Line- Item Veto Power Example: “Obamacare” Example: “Obamacare”

Review the 6 formal roles: Review the 6 formal roles: S E A L D CC CC

Have Out 14.1 notes 14.1 notes Graphic organizer from Tuesday Graphic organizer from Tuesday Packet from yesterday (if you did not hand in) Packet from yesterday (if you did not hand in)

Power of the President Work with the person next to you Work with the person next to you Try to come to an agreement on each power statement and be able to explain your reasonings Try to come to an agreement on each power statement and be able to explain your reasonings Consider how the power of the president is affecting our country Consider how the power of the president is affecting our country If you are unable to agree, be able to defend your differences If you are unable to agree, be able to defend your differences Be prepared to discuss Be prepared to discuss

Which Role?

Hosting a meeting with the Prime Minister of England to discuss a joint foreign policy in dealing with the situation in Iraq.

Making a patriotic speech on July

Awarding military commissions to graduates of West Point.

Sending in the National Guard to keep order in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina.

Hosting a cabinet meeting to discuss foreign policy

Hosting a brunch in the White House for the leaders of the Ways and Means Committee (part of congress)

Growth of Presidential Power Use your notes on 14.1 to complete the graphic organizer in the packet

Informal Roles Chief of party Leader of Political Party Leader of Political Party Parties not mentioned in Constitution, but play vital role in govt. Parties not mentioned in Constitution, but play vital role in govt. Chief citizen Represent highest standards of citizenship Expected to work for and represent the public interest

Economic Role Stewardship of economy Stewardship of economy International trade and planning International trade and planning Submits annual budget to Congress Submits annual budget to Congress Economy seen as President’s job; President’s fault if poor Economy seen as President’s job; President’s fault if poor

Succession of Presidency and VP Constitution says “power and duty” of the office transferred to the VP Constitution says “power and duty” of the office transferred to the VP What if the VP dies then? What if the VP dies then? 1947 law – VP, then Speaker of House 1947 law – VP, then Speaker of House

25 th Amendment Established order of Succession Established order of Succession Process for how to fill VP vacancy Process for how to fill VP vacancy Process for determining “capacity to serve” of the president Process for determining “capacity to serve” of the president What happens if the pres. Is incapacitated What happens if the pres. Is incapacitated

Presidential Transition The Vice President ･ Speaker of the House ･ President pro tempore of the Senate Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury ･ Secretary of Defense Attorney General ･ Secretary of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture ･ Secretary of Commerce ･ Secretary of Labor ･ 7 more cabinet positions are in the line of succession

25th Amendment (1967) 25 th Amendment (1967): New Prez nominates new VP, who is confirmed by majority of Congress 25 th Amendment (1967): New Prez nominates new VP, who is confirmed by majority of Congress If no new VP yet, 1947 law… If no new VP yet, 1947 law… Succession Problem….. o o Agnew resigns (1973) o o Ford voted VP o o Nixon resigns (1974) o o Ford becomes President o o Rockefeller voted VP

25th Amendment Disability Problem: o o Regan shot (1981) o o Undergoes emergency surgery o o Does not transfer authority o o Confusion! VP Bush in air….Secretary of State Haig criticized for taking charge

25th Amendment Reagan invoked in for tumor removal Bush invoked in for colonoscopy Question: If VP and majority of Cabinet declare Prez “unable to discharge powers”, what happens if Prez disagrees? Question: If VP and majority of Cabinet declare Prez “unable to discharge powers”, what happens if Prez disagrees? Congress decides: 2/3 both houses Congress decides: 2/3 both houses JlTsnpBVIHzEg44t8VaRfCcdYOqIuxc&index=1

Homework Note on the pages in 11.4 Note on the pages in 11.4 Review for CLOSED NOTE quiz. (Review graphic organizer notes and your two sets of book notes) Review for CLOSED NOTE quiz. (Review graphic organizer notes and your two sets of book notes)

Impeachment “ Impeachment as provided for in the Constitution can never be wholly divorced from politics ” - Chief Justice William Rehnquist Impeachment is the process by which a civil officer of the United States is charged with wrongdoing. Under the Constitution, the House of Representatives has the sole power of impeachment, and the Senate has the responsibility to try the charges and remove guilty parties from office.

Impeachment Article II Section 4 “ The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. ”

Impeachment procedure Charges drawn House of Representatives votes. Simple majority sends case to House Judiciary Committee for investigation House Judiciary Committee then votes to send the case to full House

Impeachment House votes - Simple majority sends case to Senate House managers appointed…act like prosecutors…present case to Senate Senate vote…need 2/3 vote to impeach

Impeachment Andrew Johnson (1868) o o Tenure of Office Act William Jefferson Clinton (1998) Impeached of perjury and obstruction of justice by the House, acquitted by the Senate o o Perjury (Defeated 45-55) o o Obstruction of Justice (Defeated 50-50) Richard Nixon would have been impeached in 1974 but resigned first

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