CHAPTER 2 Colonization of North America, Web

The Spanish in North America Finding no gold in North America, Spain concentrates efforts further south Juan de Oñate established as first governor of Mexico Oñate treats Pueblo Indians harshly in New Mexico, and province is taken over by crown Franciscan Missionaries succeed in establishing settlements and missions throughout southeast Natives were expected to learn the Catholic Catechism, basic Castilian, and adopt European dress and farming methods

The English Invade Virginia Religious differences and the enclosure movement send many English to America First settlement is made at Jamestown in 1607 Problems arise with Powhatan Indians Opechancanough Lack of organization and severe winters decimated population of Jamestown Tobacco production saves Virginia Slavery introduced by Dutch in 1619 Colony flourishes due to immigration despite disease, Native troubles, and high mortality

The English in America,

North America in the Early 17th Century ©2002 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Fishing, Furs, and Settlements in the North French establish fur trading settlements Permanent settlements of Port Royal and Quebec founded in early 1600s Smaller population and fur trade allowed French to maintain peaceful relations with Natives Dutch settle New Netherland in 1624 Plague and early European contact decimated Natives of New England Area

French, English, Dutch, and Swedish Colonies in Eastern North America, 1650 ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Religious Exiles from England English Calvinists arrive in two distinct groups: Pilgrims and Puritans Pilgrims founded Plymouth Colony in 1620 Pilgrims establish Mayflower Compact Native assistance helped colony to survive Puritans settle Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut Puritans attempted to create theocratic society of strict laws and subordination of women

Connecticut and New Haven Congregation from Dorchester founds Connecticut in 1626 In 1637, the Pequots war with settlers of Connecticut Valley Rhode Island established by Massachusetts exile Roger Williams in 1638 from Providence Plantation Maryland founded as proprietary colony in 1632 English Civil War 1642, affected colonists They are left to protect themselves They must choose sides in the conflict Facilitated creation of new colonies

English Colonization after 1660 Navigation Acts are passed to control colonial trade, but smuggling rendered it ineffective Eight proprietors established Carolina from land grant from Charles II In 1729, Carolina became two distinct colonies The English win New Netherland from the Dutch and rename it New York in 1673 English established the colony of New Jersey in 1680 Web

Discussion Questions Compare British dealing with natives with that of the Spanish. How did the natives react to each nation? How could the Jamestown colony have avoided the “starving time”? What role did tobacco play in the survival of the early colonies? What role would it play in the future? What were the repercussions of the English Civil War on the colonies?