2.4 The Middle Colonies OBJECTIVE: Learn about the founding of New Netherland and Pennsylvania Understand the reasons for these colonies success. HW: 3.1

New Netherland http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/vc21b.7.jpg

New Netherlands Established by the Dutch New Amsterdam Diverse colony 1609-1621 Fur trading posts New Netherlands West India Company New Amsterdam Founded in 1625, capital of the colony Diverse colony Religious toleration Friendly relations with Natives English takeover By force No resistance http://www.colonialvoyage.com/namstmap.jpg

The Quakers Pennsylvania Quakers Obtained by William Penn (proprietor) Paid off a debt “Penn’s Woods” Quakers God’s “inner light” Informal Anyone could preach Pacifist Didn’t serve in the military

William Penn Saw his colony as a “Holy Experiment” Everyone received 50 acres Assembly style government Good relations with Native Americans Saw them as people Paid for the land No major conflict 50 years Never made $ from the colony His principles and idea

Messy Marylanders 1632: George Calvert, Lord Baltimore is granted land to establish the colony of Maryland Proprietorship Settled by his sons

Maryland Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore Haven for Catholics in Prot. England Jesuits part of first colony in St. Mary’s City, said first mass in English Colonies Act of Toleration – 1649 – Religious Freedom Why? Mixed success for Catholics, becomes Protestant majority and later Royal Colony “Brown Gold”

Maryland Act of Toleration – 1649 – Religious Freedom The proprietors, although of the Roman Catholic faith, welcomed the Puritans who were driven out of Virginia and other nonconformists; and even the Quakers were allowed to make a settlement. The colony, in fact, became an asylum for the persecuted of various sects. Religious liberty, however, brought with it religious strife. For years bitter conflicts were waged between the different sects, first one and then the other getting the upper hand. (Source: Causes and effects in American History, E. Morse) Result? Mixed success…becomes Protestant majority and later Royal Colony

Baltimore in 1752, from a sketch by John Moale, Esq. Baltimore was founded in 1629 and served as a shipping center for Maryland tobacco growers. By 1752, when this view was drawn, it had begun to show signs of developing into a prosperous port city. After the American Revolution, Baltimore expanded and by the 1790s boasted a population of over twenty thousand. (Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The other proprietary colonies Carolinas (1663) Began as Proprietary colonies for 12 friends of king Charles II (Carolas) Plantation style Agriculture Eventually assumed as Royal colonies Georgia 1732 (King George II) James Ogelthorpe (charity colony) No self rule, all decisions made for them Failed silk ideas Garrison against Spain