A Larger World Opens:Expanded Influence of Western Civilization Age of Exploration and Colonization

Motives in the Age of Exploration Attracted to East for silks and spices Difficult to trade with Islamic empires 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks Arab “middlemen” controlled overland routes, keeping prices of pepper and other spices high by keeping supplies low. desire for wealth and adventure religious zeal- save souls Summary Gold, Glory and God

European Knowledge of Africa

Improvements in Navigation Learned the create more accurate maps Until they figure to use a compass the sailors had to follow the coastline. Improved ship designs made sailing safer, more feasible on the open ocean. square sails new hull design – less likely to roll - heavy enough to carry canon use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars knowledge of wind patterns First the Portuguese (Prince Henry) then Spanish, France and England

Prince Henry (The Navigator) Was a Portugese ruler who was interested in what was out there. Hired explorers to chart coasts of Africa. Helped start a wider European interest in the wider world.

Portuguese Explorers Prince Henry looking for trade and an ally against the Muslims/ Congo Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope 1488 Vasco de Gama- went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India By 1510 Portuguese flags were flying in Goa (India) and Macao (China)

The Spanish Believed there had to be a short cut by sailing west Spanish rulers (Isabella and Ferdinand) funded Columbus- (Genoan) who went west 1492 He arrived in the Caribbean and thought it was the Indies thus the West Indies-

First Conflicts Magellan- Was the first to sail around the world. The act further ruptured the relationship between Portugal and Spain. The Pope offered a solution. East and West divided- Pope drew a line down the world. Portugal keeps the East, Spain keeps the West. (Asia still open for grabs)

Papal Line of Demarcation 1493

Pattern of Contact Begin by trading Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans made alliances with local leaders Dutch and English less apt to become involved with culture/religion developed mercantilism- material from colony- buy finished products form Europe.

Spice Trade-East Indies Very important to Europeans- made food palatable Portuguese again led the way Spain in the Philippines- stayed till 1898 Dutch East India Company very aggressive- competed with British East India Company Both dominated the East Indies and India

Impact on World by European Contact Purpose was to serve the homeland weather it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly. In the Americas More intermarriage by Spanish /Portuguese and French Disease was devastating. Measles, influenza, smallpox Violence