Christianity by: Katie and Chris

Martin Luther 1483-1564 Experienced cruelty and abuse during his childhood, which is what made him run away to a monastery and become a monk Received a Masters degree in philosophy from the University of Erfurt Luther entered the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt in 1505 Ordained in 1507 Luther lived simply and peacefully in the monastery Friar John Tetzel was one of the most famous preachers to sell indulgences to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter's Church in Rome

Continued The sale of indulgences prompted Luther to write his 95 Theses, which he posted on the castle church door as well as sending them with an explanatory letter to the archbishop The theses were declared heresy and were sent to the pope Tetzel and gave outspoken opposition to Luther in the form of sermons and his own Theses Luther denied the authority of the pope and his council, but eventually recanted and promised: -to observe silence -complete submission to the pope -to publish a statement advocating loyalty to the church -to place the case in the hands of a bishop

And Continued Again Luther published three main pamphlets in which he cuts all ties to Catholicism, calls on the emperor to destroy the power of the pope and confiscate ecclesiastical property, and arouse national feeling against the papacy, among other things Luther was excommunicated in 1521

Luther’s Doctrine Sola Scriptura: The Bible is the only source of faith Human nature has been totally corrupted by original sin, and man, accordingly, is deprived of free will. Any action, good or bad, is not his own act, but God's. Sola fida: Faith alone can save man if he confidently believes that God will pardon him. This faith is a full pardon of sin and release from its penalties. The hierarchy and priesthood were not put in place by God and over-the-top ceremonial or exterior worship is not necessary or useful. The use of most of the Sacraments can be replaced with faith. Every Christian has the authority to be their own priest. Men don't need specially trained men to relay the mysteries of God. Men can work out their salvation anywhere at any time and do not need a church as a set location to do so.

Ulruch Zwingli Preacher that brought about the Reformation in Switzerland Elected as People's Priest in Zurich Zwingli received support from civil authorities for his preaching and spoke out against indulgences, the Mass, monasticism, and clerical celibacy. Believed in the sole authority of Scripture, just as Luther did, and believed that Scripture was the only thing that should be taught Also believed in simple worshiping environments and had images removed from churches, organ volumes suppressed, and grandiose masses were replaced with simple Communion services Zwingli disagreed with Luther on certain theological issues, such as the Eucharist. The Colloquy of Marburg was set up to resolve these issues but was unsuccessful

John Calvin (1509-1564) Believed that God called specifically on him to reform the church Established a Christian society ruled by God through civil magistrates and reformed ministers in Geneva Believed in absolute omnipotence of God and weakness of humanity Did not preach free-will and believed in predestination: God has predetermined the fate of every individual Calvin gave powerful sermons instructing the Genevan society on how to follow the newly reformed religion Harshly condemned religious dissenters

Orthodox Christianity East- West Schism- This schism came before the Great Schism, and was the divider of Christianity into Catholic and Orthodox Although most major ideas are shared, unlike the Catholics, they do not recognize the Pope, amongst other ideas

The Great Schism 1378-1417, also called the Western Schism Two Popes declared themselves Pope of the Catholic Church (mostly because Cardinals could not agree) And later on, a third joined in Eventually all differences were settled at the Council of Constance

Catholic Christianity Unlike other branches of Christianity, this is the only branch that recognizes the Pope as a holy figure. Babylonian Captivity (Papal States to France)

Napoleon Bonaparte Brought back the catholic faith to France by making a deal with the Pope That deal was the Concordat of 1801, which was an agreement between the Pope and Napoleon that solidified the Catholic Church as the majority religion in France

Bibliography http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438b.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/658598/Huldrych-Zwingli http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/timeline.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/640 848/Western-Schism http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/timeline. htm http://ncronline.org/blogs/essays-theology/end- western-schism