YEAR 10 MEDIA

PRODUCTION and STORY ELEMENTS

EDITING Editing is the process of placing images and sounds in an order that tell the story Establishes setting, develops characters, expresses point of view, creates emotions and reconstructs time

EDITING CONT. An editor is concerned with –Transitions –Pace and Rhythm –Vision and sound mixing –Mixing Image – Image (Shots next to each other) Image – Sound (Side by Side) Sound to Sound (What sounds follow each other)

SOUND Sounds can communicate story information, character development, mood and emotion Two categories; Diegetic and Non-diegetic

Diegetic Diegetic sounds are sounds that occur naturally during the world of the narrative, –Dialogue –Sounds of glass breaking as a character drops a glass –Music coming from a radio on set

NON-DIEGETIC Non-diegetic sounds are those that occur from outside the world of the story, things that a director would include –Music –Sound effects that cant be seen on screen, a heartbeat –Titles –Special effects

ACTING The work of an actor or actress who tells the story by portraying a character. They use –body language, –tone of voice, –Posture –delivery of lines To develop the character and create relationship between the character and audience.

LIGHTING Lighting can be used to create a number of effects, such as mood, develop the story, highlight particular objects or display the time of day Lighting can be naturalistic or expressive

LIGHTING CONT. NaturalisticExpressive

CAMERA Camera techniques develop the plot, narrative possibilities and characters Different placements of the camera will produce different effects There are three elements of the camera –Angle –Shot –Movement

CAMERA ANGLE The angle of the shot can create the mood of a scene, reveal important information, establish relationships between characters and develop the storyline Different angles include –Birds eye –High –Eye Level –Low

BIRDS EYE Birds eye view shows the scene from directly overhead This can be used to make people look insignificant, ant-like or to show the wider scheme of things

HIGH ANGLE High angles are taken from slightly above the action They can be used to make the object seem smaller, less significant or less powerful

EYE LEVEL The camera is position as though it is a human observing the scene

LOW ANGLE The camera is placed below the action This is used to give a sense of power or authority to the character

CAMERA SHOT The distance of the camera determines shot sizes Shots sizes include –Extreme close up –Close up –Mid shot –Long shot –Extreme long shot –Point of view

EXTREME CLOSE UP and CLOSE UP The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail The close up shows a certain feature or part of the subject that takes up the whole frame

MID SHOT and LONG SHOT The mid shot show some part of the subject in detail while giving an impression of the whole subject The long shot shows the subject taking up the whole frame

EXTREME LONG SHOT and POINT OF VIEW The extreme long shot is so far away the subject is barely visible The point of view shot shows the view from the subjects perspective

CAMERA MOVEMENT Movement can be used to create emotion within the audience or draw attention to a particular object There are three basic camera movements –Panning –Zooming –Tilting

CAMERA MOVEMENT CONT. PANNING – Scans a scene horizontally, (left to right). Often used to follow a moving object ZOOMING – Closes in or pulls away from an object. Often used to direct audiences attention to a particular object TILTING – Scan the scene vertically, (up and down).

MISE EN SCENE Mise-en-scene is a cinema studies term that refers to what’s put in the scene. It refers to the overall effect of lighting, make up, costume, props and colour within the frame.

POINT OF VIEW The filmmaker decides from whose point of view the story will be told. Point of view does not need to be limited to only one character. Can be: Character or other viewpoint Story information given or withheld at different points of the narrative

NARRATIVE/ STORYLINE Narrative is another word for story It has a setting, characters, a plot with a beginning, middle and end and sound A narrative can be linear, non-linear or have multiple storylines

SETTING Refers to the location and the historical period in which the story takes place. The setting of a narrative helps to tell the story. Can be: –Modern –Past –Futuristic

CHARACTERS Character development is the relationship the audience forms with a character’s personality, beliefs, strengths, weaknesses and emotions. Audiences can be: –introduced at the start of the narrative. From this point onwards, we learn more about who they really are. –introduced by looking back on the character’s life or part of it.

CHARACTERS cont There are two main types of characters: - Protagonist - is the leading ‘good guy/ girl’ character - Antagonist - the character opposed to or competes with the protagonist. Could be a person or force of nature

TIME Is the period of time through which the story is told. A film can be: - compressed in time so that the events of a character’s lifetime can occur within films running time - presented in real time, in other words, screen time and story time are the same

TIME cont Time Structure can be: –Linear Where the story runs in sequential order. –Non- linear Where the story is disjointed. Events are shown out of order. Often used to mimic human memory.

TIME cont. Time can also be manipulated in a film narrative though such devices as –time-lapse –slow motion –fast motion –flashback and flash forward