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Ecology of freshwaters Lakes, rivers, and streams Limnology Lakes are born by catastrophe age, and quietly die rivers, and streams
Limnology Rivers are ancient Rivers carry sediment
Limnology Rivers are ancient Rivers carry sediment meander
Limnology A river creates its valley Rivers are ancient Rivers carry sediment meander
Limnology Estuaries
Limnology Lakes & rivers differ in food chains Lakes support photosynthetic chains CO 2 + water sugars phytoplankton Energy is autochthonous
Limnology Lakes & rivers differ in food chains Rivers support a detritus food chain Energy is allochthonous
Limnology Lakes are stratified in temperature a summer lake
Limnology Lakes are stratified in temperature wind epilimnion mixes hypolimnion stagnates a summer lake
Limnology Lakes are stratified by light photosynthesis detritus decomposition nutrient rich sediment a summer lake
Limnology Lakes are stratified There are 2 lakes productive epilimnion detritus food chain releasing nutrients during warm phytoplankton starved for nutrients a summer lake months
Limnology In the fall surface water cools 4 0 C water sinks fall turnover phytoplankton blooms nutrients returned wind to epilimnion
Limnology In the fall surface water cools 4 0 C water sinks fall turnover phytoplankton blooms nutrients returned wind to epilimnion
Limnology In the winter ice lake is sealed
Limnology In the spring spring turnover nutrients mixed into epilimnion phytoplankton bloom wind
Limnology Lake food chain phytoplankton zooplankton nekton
Limnology Zooplankton migration
Limnology The Lake as a Microcosm -- Steven J. Forbes
Limnology An ecosystem united seasonally